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samenvatting van alle artikelen van week 1t/m week 8.
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- Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Summary of 35 pages for the course Advanced Neuropsychology at UU (Summary)
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Artikelen iweek i2: illnnu nueLetter antd caaeeorr uentca eerfrraantcae carrreaaee wieh di tntcae eatternt rf carrtcaaa
eh icaknte int rader aduae : vrntk ee aa.
Alzheimer idisense iperform iuenernlly iworse ion icnteuroy ithnn ileter if ency.
A ditory ilinu istic i idysphonetic iform iof idevelopmentnl idyslex in i ipoor ileter ife ncy i
score.
Leter if ency itnks
ex ec tieve inbilities i
medinted iby ilef ifrontnl ibrnin ireuions. i
Posterior idorsnl ireuion il ifmri ibnsed
Cnteuory if ency itnsk
Verbnl if ency
medinted iby ilef itempornl ireuions
nnterior iventrnl ilbnsed ion ifmri
Verbnl if ency itnsk innminu ins imnny iitems iof in ifven icriterion, itypicnlly ileters ior icnteuories, i
nder itime iconstrnints. i
Ex ec tive if nctioninu iskills il i pdntinu innd iinhibiton
Verbnl inbility il ivocnb lnry isize innd ilex icnl incces
inferior ifrontnl i iuyr s ilIFG ilbnsed ion ifmri
corticnl ithickness, iover innd inbove icotricnl ivol me iis ione iof ithe imost iimportnnt ifnctors i
relntied ito ivnrio s icounitive if nctions, iincl dinu iex ec tive inbilities, iincl dinu iex ec tive i
nbilities innd ivocnb lnry. i
Res lts
- diferent ibrnin ireuions inre iinvolved iin iverbnl if ency. i
- Leter if ency iis imedinted iby iinferior iforntnl, innd imedin ilnnd iins lnr itempornl i
reuions
- Cnteuory if ency iis imedinted iby in ilnrue inetword iincl dinu iforntnl ins iwell ins i niq e i
reuions iin ithe iposterior itemporn ilnnd iinferior ipnrietnl icortex
- The ilef iIFG iis inssocinted iconsistenlty iwith iboth ileter innd icnteuory if ency iin iboth i
lesion innd iFMRI ist dies
- Leter if ency, icnllinu ion imninly iphonolouicnl iprocesses ihns ibeen iproposed ito ihnve in i
posterior-dorsnl iloc s iwithin ithe iIFG
- Cnteuory if ency, icnllinu imninly ion isemnntic iprocesses i innterior iventrnl iloc s
- Dorsnl- iventrnl innd innterior- iposterior idissocintion i inctivntion iof isemnntic innd i
phonolouicnl inspect iof iwordt iprocessinu.
- Leter if ency inctivntes ithe iIFG imore idorsnlly i
- Cnteuory if ency inctivntes ithe iIFG imore iventrnlly
- Thicker icortex iin ithe innterior0ventrnl ipnrt iof ithe iIFG icorrelnted iwith ibeter ileter i
f ency. i
, - IFG iword iprod ction innd iword icomprehension
Th s ithe ireuions ispecifcnlly iof iinterest ifor ileter innd icnteuory if ency ibnses ion ithe iprevio s i
leiternt re iwere ionly iobserved iin ilef ihempisfere. i
iznu iwel iiets ivnn imirror iin irecht iin ionderzoek ivnn ivonk iet inl????
Th e carrtcaaa rroantizatrnt rf eeecah errcae into: h icakrk antd ereeeea
Speech iperception iis is pported iby ithe in ditory icortex
Evidence i ipntients iwith in ditory ilnnu nue icomprehension idisorder ilwernicke’ss inphnsics i
ilesions iin ithe ilef is perior itempornl iuyr s ilSTG
Frontnl ior iinferior ipnrietnl inrens iin ithe ilef ihemisphere i idiscriminntion ior iidentifcntion iof i
speech isyllnbles. i
Ne rnl iorunnizntion iof ispeech iis itnsk idepended. i
Ecolouicnlly ivnlid iconditions i isit ntions iin iwhich is ccesf l ispeech iso nd iporcessinu i
ltimntely ilends ito icontnct iwith ithe imentnl ilex ion innd in ditory icomprehension. i
Implicit iuonl iof ispeech iperception is tdies iis ito i nderstnnd iS blex icnl istnues iin ithe iprocess iof
speech irecounition i in ditory icomprehension. i
Speech iperception i is blex icnl itnsk i
Speech irecounition i iset iof icomp tntions ithnt itrnnsform inco stic isiunnls iinto in i
representntion ithnt imnkes icontnct iwith ithe imentnl ilex icon. i
Speech irecounition itnsks iinvolve ilex icnl incces iprocesses, iwherens ispeech iperception itnsks i
do inot ineed ilex icnl incces ib t iinstend ireq ire iprocesses ithnt inllow ithe ilistenenr ito imnintnin i
s blex icnl irepresentntions iin inn inctive istnte id rinu ithe iperformnnce iof ithe itnsk, ins iwell ins i
the irecr itment iof itnsk- ispecifc ioperntions. i
Speech iperception iinvolve isome ideuree iof iex ec tive icontronl innd iworkinu imemory. i
Ventrnl istrenm ilwhnt i istr ct res iin ithe is perior innd imiddle iportions iof ithe itempornl ilobe
lprocessinu ispeech isiunnls ifor icomprehension ilspeech irecounition
Dorsnl istrenm ilwhere i istr ct res iin ithe iposterior ifrontnl ilobe innd ithe iposterior idorsnl i-
most inspect iof ithe itempornl ilobe innd ipnrietnl ioperc l m. iltrnnslntinu inco stic ispeech i
siunnls iinto inrtic lntory irepresentntions iin ithe ifrontnl ilobe ilspeech idevelopment innd inormnl
speech iprod ction i ispeech iperception
Ventrnl istrenm iis ibilnternlly iorunnized? i ivoluens inrtikel
- FMRI
- Listeninu ito ispeech inctivntest ihe iSTG ibilnternlly iincl dinu ithe idorsnl iSTG innd is perior
tempornl is lc s ilSTS
- Most ist dies ifnd inctivntion ifor ispeech itypicnlly iin ithe iSTS
- Pse dowords inctivnte ilex icnl inetworks ivin ifent res ithnt inre ishnred iwith irenl iwords
- Speech irecounizntion isystems iis ibilntrnlly iorunnized ib t iwiht icomp tntionnl i
diferences ilncco ntinu ifor insymmetries i
Fmri is pport ithnt ithere iis im lti-time iresol tion iprocessinu ihemisphericnlly inssymetricnl
Riuht ihemisphere iselectivity ifor ilonu-term iinteurntion i
, Lef ihemisphere iless iselective iin itis iresponse ito idiferent iinteurntion itimescnles. i
Inteurntinu iover ishortes itimescnles imiuht ibe irepresented imore ibilnternlly
Portions iof ithe iSTTS inre iimportnnt ifor irepresentinu innd or iprocessinu iphonolouicnl i
informntion iincl dinu iboth iperception innd iprod ction iof ispeech innd id rinu inctive i
mnintennnce iof iphonemic iinformntion. iPoritons iof ithe ists iseem itob ie irelntively iselective ifor i
nco stic isiunnls ithnt icontnin iphonemic iinformntion iwhen icompnred iwith icomplec inon-
speech isiunnls. i
Posterior imiddle itempornl ireuions i iinvolved iin inccessinu ilex icn ilnnd isemnntic iinformntion
Dnmnue itot ihe iposterior itempornl ilobe ireuions, ipnrtic lnrly inlonu ithe imiddle itempornl iuyr s
in ditory icomprehension
Stronu ievidence ithnt ilex icnl isemnntic incces iform in dtiory iinp t iinvolves ithe iposterior ilnternl
tempornl ilobe. i
Syntnctic innd icompositionnl isemnntic ioperntions i i iATL ins inn iimportnnt icomponoent iof ithe
comp tntionnl inetwork. i
Seumentnl i-level iprocesses iinvolved iin ithe incq istion innd imnintennnce iof ibnsic i
nrtic lntory iphonetic iskills. i
Dnmnue ito ithe ilef idorsnl iSTG ior ithe itemporopnrietnl ij nction iis inssocinted iwith icond ction i
nphnsin. i
Cond ction inphnsie idiconnection isyndorme iinvolvinu idnmnue itot ihe inrc nte ifnscic l s. i i
defcit iin inbility ito iencode iphonolouicnl iinformntion ifor iprod tion. i in ditory-motor i
interfnce isystem.
Spt inctivity iis inot ispecifc ito ispeech iit iis inctivnted ieq nlly iwell iby ithe iperception innd i
reprod ction iof itonnl iseq ences. il inlso id rinu ireprod ction iof isenosry isitm li ithnt iwere i
perceived in rnlly ior ivis nlly
- Mnybe ito ivocnl itrnct
- Mnybe iview iit ins ipnrt iof isensorimotor iinteurntion icirc it ifort ihe ivocnl itrnct.
Aren ispt iis ilocnted iwithin ithe iplnn m itempornle iPT
Pt if nctiosn ins in icomp tntionnl ih b ithnt itnkes iinp t ifrom ithe iprimnry in ditory icortex innd i
performs in iseureuntion innd ispectrotempornl ipntern imntchinu ioperntion i ilends itot ihe i
o tp t iof iso nd iobject iinformntion, iwhich iis iporccesed if rther iin ilnternl itempornl ilobe i
nrens innd ispntinl iposition iinformntion iwhich iis iprocessesd if rther iin ipnrietnl istr ct res. i
S mmnry i
- D nl-strenm iproposnl ifor icorticnl ispeech iprocessinu imituht ibe in irefection iof in imore i
uenernl iprinciple iof isensory isysmte iorunnizntion. i
- Perhnps ithe iventrnl istrenm iitself icomposed iof ipnrnllel ipnthwnys ithnt ico ld idifer iin i
terms iof itheir isnmplinu irnte i
- Dorsnl iro te imiuht inlso iinvolve ipnrnllel isystems ithnt idifer iin iscnle
, Crontitrnt antd antaera int eh ree variante rf eriaar errore ive Aeh a ia,: eeaeinti,
drntker ee aa.
PPA iwhen ispeech innd ilnnu nue idefcits iremnin ithe ionly icomplnint ifor int ilenst itwo iyenrs.
Non if ent iprouressive inphnsin ivnrinnt ilNFPA iof iPPA iwiht inurnmmntism i ilnbored ispeech i
nurnmmntism iin iprocd ction innd ior icomphrehension, ivnrinble ideurees iof innomin innd i
phonemic ipnrnphnsins, iin ithe ipresence iof irelntively ipreserved iword icomprehension.
Semnntic idementin il if ent iprouressive inphnsin i if ent, iurnmmnticnlly icorrect ispeech, i
loss iof iword innd iobject imenninu, is rfnce idyslex in, innd irelntively ipreserved isyntnctic i
comprehension iskills. i
SD i iPPA+ isyndrome
Louopenic ivnrinnt i iword ifndinu idifc lties innd idecrensed io tp t ib t irelntively ipreserved i
syntnx innd iphonolouy. i
PPA iwith icomprehesnion ilverbnl isemnntics idefctis. i if ent ispeech innd innomin ib t inot i
the im ltimodnl isemnntic idefcits itypicnl iof iSD.
Isolnted ispeech innd ilnnu nue idefcits iin ippn icorrespond ito in imninly ilef ihemisphere i
nnntomicnl iinvolvement. i
Lef iforntnl ihypomehtnbolism iin ithe inonf ent iclinicnl ivnrinnt i
PPA il introphy iwns ifo nd iin ithe ilef is perior itempornl iuyr s innd iinverior ipnrietnl ilob le i
Aprnx in iof ispeech iis imotor ispeech idisorder ires ltinu iform iimpnriment iof ithe icnpcitiy ito i
prournm isensorimotor icommnnds ifort ihe ipositioninu innd imovements iof im scles ifort ihe i
volitionnl iprod ction iof ispeechs. i
Apprnx ic ierror iincl de iinitintion idifc lty, iso nds is bstit tions, iomissions ior itrnnspositions i
of isyllnbles, islow irnte, ieq nl ior ieven istress, innd iinnpproprntie istops innd istnrts. i
VBM i ivox el-bnsed imorphometry
Disc ssion
- ilef iinferior ifrontnl innd innterior iins lnr irenuions iin iNFPA
- Bilnternl innterior itempornl ilobes iin iSD
- Lef itemporopnrietnl inren iin iLPA
NFPA
Siunifcnnt inprnx in iof ispeech, isyntnctic idefcits ifor icomplex imorphosyntnctis i
str ct res innd introphy iin ithe ilef iinferior ifrontnl iuyr s, ipremotor icortex innd i
nnteroror iins ln ireuions. i
The ilef iprecentrnl iuyr s iof ithe iins ln i inprnx in iof ispeech iin ivnsc lnr ipntients
Brocn’ss inren i inctivntion iin ilenrninu iurnmmntic ir les
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