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Surrealismus Essay Architekturgeschichte auf Englisch

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Ein 20 seitiges Essay über Surrealismus auf Englisch

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  • 24 maart 2024
  • 23
  • 2023/2024
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ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
ERASMUS


02TH12
Art, Culture 20th-21th Century



Professor: Mpikas Panagiotis
Student: Mehtap Ak




SURREALISM
Essay Topic

,The first half of the 20th century posed significant challenges to the global community. After

World War I, people were left feeling frustrated and hopeless, seeking refuge in personal, ima-

ginary realms where their thoughts and ideas were valued. One such escape took form in the

Dada movement, which served as a means of expressing outrage and disillusionment. Tired of

the ravages of war, Dada artists, poets, and sculptors embarked on a quest to reinvent art and

challenge the existing world order. Renowned figures such as Hans Arp, Marcel Duchamp, and

Francis Picabia emerged as prominent voices within this movement.¹



Dadaism emerged simultaneously in Zurich, New York, and Paris during the First World War,

before finding its footing in Germany and eventually settling in France. Its heyday spanned

from 1916 to 1922. The movement aimed to ridicule what its proponents perceived as the futi-

lity of the modern world, promoting anti-war sentiments and creating works that were consi-

dered anti-art.² Many individuals joined the movement, criticizing bourgeois nationalism and

colonial interests, which they believed were the root causes of the war. Through their artistic

expressions, the Dadaists vehemently rejected the rationale and logic of bourgeois capitalist

society that had led to the outbreak of the First World War. In essence, they embraced chaos

and irrationality as a form of protest. The Dada movement positioned itself as an antithesis

to art, seeking to purify it through mockery. Consequently, the artists developed playful and

provocative pieces that evoked strong reactions.



For instance, Marcel Duchamp famously added a mustache to the portrait of Mona Lisa. Each

Dada artwork aimed to provoke and challenge established cultural and aesthetic norms, with

the ultimate goal of dismantling them. Despite its relatively short existence, Dadaism left a

lasting impact on contemporary art, advertising, and societal structures. Without Dadaism, it

is doubtful that movements such as Surrealism and other modern art forms would have emer-

ged.

1

, Speaking of, Surrealism, a subsequent and equally influential movement, emerged from Da-

daism. While Dada focused on presenting anti-art and highlighting the darkness and despair

of war, Surrealism approached reality with a more positive lens. Surrealism sought to expand

reality infinitely, rejecting the dichotomy between the real and the imaginary that had been

previously accepted.³



It stands out for its diverse styles united by a common goal of presenting reality in unconven-

tional ways and can be defined as the expression of the real process of thought through psy-

chic automatism in various forms, such as verbal expression, writing, or any other medium.4



While Surrealism has roots in the earlier Dada movement, it distinguishes itself by its more

organized and relevant approach to the real world. André Breton, the founder of Surrealism,

brought a unique perspective to the movement due to his background in medicine and psy-

chiatry.5 During World War I, Breton utilized his medical skills in a neurological hospital, trea-

ting soldiers afflicted with combat stress reaction. It was during this time that he discovered

the value of Sigmund Freud‘s psychoanalytic methods in their treatment. After the war, Breton

returned to Paris and became involved in the Dada movement. Together with his friends Louis

Aragon and Philippe Soupault, he co-founded a literary journal.6 Surrealism, unlike Dada, ai-

med not only to express personal views on social situations but also to tap into the artist‘s true

talent by exploring the depths of the subconscious.7



Surrealism emerged in the late 1910s and early 1920s as a literary movement experimenting

with automatic writing or automatism, a technique aimed at unleashing the untamed imagi-

nation of the subconscious. The movement gained official recognition in Paris in 1924 with the

publication of the Manifesto of Surrealism by André Breton, a poet and critic. Surrealism soon

became an international intellectual and political movement. Breton and his fellow French po-

2

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