NURS 350 Exam 3 Question s and Answers 100% Pass attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - Answer - Individuals with this disorder show an inappropriate degree of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity before the age of 12. autism spectrum disorders - Answer - Complex neurobiological and developmental disabilities that typically appear during a child's first 3 years of life communication disorders - Answer - Deficits in language skills acquisition that create impairments in academic achievement, socialization, or self -care. These include speech disorders in which people have problems in making sounds or may stutter. Language disorders result in difficulty understanding or in using words in context and appropriately. intellectual development disorder - Answer - Previously called mental retardation, this is a disorder characterized by deficits in three areas: intellectual functioning, social functioning, and practical functioning. Impairments must be evidenced during chi ldhood development, range from mild to severe, and include consideration of the person's level of dependence on others for ongoing care and support motor disorders - Answer - A key feature of childhood growth and development is the acquisition of gross and fine motor skills and coordination. The ability to practice, exposure to new tasks, experience, and environment are factors that play a role in moto r development. Play therapy - Answer - An intervention that allows a child to symbolically express feelings such as aggression, self -doubt, anxiety, and sadness through the medium of play. principle of least restrictive intervention - Answer - Techniques are selected to ensure that the civil and legal rights of individuals are maintained. resilience - Answer - The ability to adapt and cope that helps people to face tragedies, loss, trauma, and severe stress. specific learning disorders - Answer - Identified during the school years. A learning disorder is diagnosed when a child demonstrates persistent difficulty in the acquisition of reading (dyslexia), mathematics (dyscalculia), and/or written expression (dysgr aphia), and his or her performance is well below the expected performance of peers. temperament - Answer - The style of behavior a child habitually uses to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment therapeutic games - Answer - Games the nurse can play with a child to facilitate the development of a therapeutic relationship and provide an opportunity for conversation. Identify the reason younger children are more difficult to diagnose than older children - Answer - Younger children are more difficult to diagnose than older children because of limited language skills and cognitive and emotional development.... children un dergo more rapid psychological, neurological, and physiological changes over a briefer period than adults. Identify factors that help aid in avoiding the development of mental disorders. - Answer - Because not all genetically vulnerable children develop mental disorders, it is assumed that factors such as resilience, intelligence, and a supportive environment aid in avoiding the development of mental disorders Describe the importance of the child's parent or caregiver in shaping the child's behavior - Answer - The caregiver's role in shaping that relationship is of primary importance, and the nurse can intervene to teach parents ways to modify their behaviors to improve the interaction. If there is incongruence between parent and child temperament and the caregiver is unable to respond positively to the child, there is a risk of insecure attachment, developmental problems, and future mental disorders. (Halter 183) Discuss how the child's temperament can be a predictor to substance use and abuse when they become adults. - Answer - By the time children enter grade school, temperament and behavioral traits can be powerful predictors of substance use and abuse in later l ife. These traits include shyness, aggressiveness, and rebelliousness. The resilient child has specific characteristics. What are they? - Answer - The resilient child has the following characteristics (Bellin & Kovacs, 2006): Adaptability to changes in the environment Ability to form nurturing relationships with other adults when the parent is not available Ability to distance self from emotional chaos Good social intelligence Good problem -solving skills Ability to perceive a long -term future Describe the impact on the development of a child when they witness violence and abuse - Answer - Witnessing violence is traumatizing and a well -documented risk factor for many mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, aggressive and delinquent behavior, drug use, academic failure, and low self -esteem (Farrell et al., 2010). Children who have experienced abuse are at risk for identifying with their aggressor and may act out, bully others, become abusers, or develop dysfunctional interp ersonal relationships in adulthood. What is the most prevalent form of child abuse in the US? - Answer - Neglect is the most prevalent form of child abuse in the United States. How does bullying affect the child's mental health? - Answer - Bullying is also a risk factor for such problems as depression and suicide disorder. Children may bully and act violently toward one another, and gang involvement is a growing problem among adolescents. It is estimated there are 21,500 gangs and 73,100 members across the United States Identify characteristics of a mentally healthy child or adolescent - Answer - Trusts others and sees his or her world as being safe and supportive Correctly interprets reality and makes accurate perceptions of the environment and one's ability to influence it through actions (e.g., self -determination) Behaves in a way that is developmentally appropriate and does not violate social norms Has a positive, realistic self -concept and developing identity Adapts to and copes with anxiety and stress using age -appropriate behavior Can learn and master developmental tasks and new situations Expresses self in spontaneous and creative ways Develops and maintains satisfying relationships (Halter 185)
