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Summary KRM 210 Study Unit 1 notes- Introduction to criminal investigation

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KRM 210

Instelling
University Of Pretoria (UP)

These notes summarise the study unit 1 that is covered in the KRM 210 module. These notes are detailed and covers all the information seen within the study unit.

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introduction to criminal investigation

Instelling
University of Pretoria (UP)
Vak
KRM 210

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Introduction to Criminal Investigation

The prevention of crime is the primary function of all police organisations.
When crimes are committed the police are responsible to:
 Collect information during the criminal investigation.
 Identify the alleged perpetrators.
 Ensure the presence of the alleged perpetrators during the court trial.
 Submit evidence to the court to reveal the alleged perpetrators’ unlawful actions.

Criminal Investigation: A systematic search for the truth aimed at a positive solution to a crime.

 There are 2 sources of information.
1. Objective information
o The factual proof or Physical evidence.
o Known as mute, circumstantial, or indirect information, meaning that it can’t
speak for itself and needs interpretation from professionals.
 Eg. Weapons, bodily fluids, hair fibres, teeth marks and fingerprints.
o Forensic experts demonstrate spatial relationships between objects,
suspects, victims, timelines, and the criminal event.
o Through interpretation of the circumstances and in conjunction with other
information, objective information could prove guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt.
o It takes 2 forms:
 Information is transferred from the crime scene or victim to the
perpetrator.
 Information is transferred from the perpetrator to a crime scene or
victim.
2. Subjective information
 Derived from the real sensory experiences, or knowledge of people,
about a relevant crime situation.
 Is a direct source of information (direct information).
 Can prove a point without interpretation of circumstances.
 Is there any information that can show the court that something
occurred without the need for the court to make inferences or
assumptions to conclude.
 It must be decided what is reliable.

, o Eg. Witness statement, suspect, victim statement and
informers.

Critical thinking activity: Why is this type of information described as subjective?
 Subjective information represents one person’s bias or perspective of an experience thus
showing a subjective view rather than a “factual” more objective view.
 Factors may influence the bias or perspective of the witness (Shock or poor vision)

The components of criminal investigation deduced from the definition

 There are 5 components:
1. Criminal investigation is a systematic, planned process.
 The gathering of information during an investigation process cannot be
undertaken in a random, haphazard, and unplanned manner.
 Information should be gathered lawfully.
 A systematic plan of action should underpin the information-gathering
process.
2. Information
 Subjective and objective.
3. Recognition
 Criminal investigators must be able to identify all relevant information even
before it is gathered.
o They must be aware of the possible value of all potential sources of
information.
o They require extensive knowledge of the evidential requirements
(Juridical elements) of different types of crime.
 Roles in policing organisations have evolved into specialised designations
with the expectation that modern criminal investigators should be well-trained
professionals who possess the knowledge and skills to effectively respond to
and investigate crime.
 Professional skills include:
o Critical incident response proficiency (Eg. A serious crime which is still
in progress and during which lives are at stake)
o Understanding and interpreting criminal law and procedural law
requirements will aid in the ability to recognise and identify different
types of crimes.

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Summary KRM 210 Study Unit 1 notes- Introduction to criminal investigation

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