IAL Biology Unit 5 - Summary and Key Takeaways for the Scientific Article - JUNE 2024
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International A Level
Instelling
International A Level
Summary and Key Takeaways for Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
for use with Question 8 – Unit 5, June 2024
In unit 5, the last question (question 8) is based on a pre-released scientific article a total of 30 marks.
In this document, you will find a summary (245 words) and the ...
WBI15/01– Article Summary and Key Takeaways
Biology A Level Tutor
Summary and Key Takeaways for Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
for use with Question 8 – Unit 5, June 2024
In unit 5, the last question (question 8) is based on a pre-released scientific article a total of 30
marks.
In this document, you will find a summary (245 words) and the key takeaways for each paragraph
but also for each of the 3 articles included in the scientific article. This work refers to the Scientific
Article for question 8 for Biology IAL (International Advanced Level) WBI15/01.
(The article is provided by Pearson Edexcel Examination – June 2024)
1
, WBI15/01– Article Summary and Key Takeaways
Biology A Level Tutor
Summary of the article (245 words):
One remarkable example of horizontal gene transfer involves a whitefly species acquiring plant
DNA, providing protection against leaf toxins. The discovery of the BtPMaT1 gene, originally from
plants, in the silverleaf whitefly suggests an evolutionary adaptation aiding both plant and insect
survival. This genetic transfer, likely facilitated by plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies,
underscores the underestimated extent of gene exchange in nature. Researchers demonstrated
the function of BtPMaT1 in whiteflies, suggesting its potential application in engineering crops for
pest resistance. Conversely, this raises concerns about pests evolving resistance to genetically
engineered crops.
Another area of genetic modification involves GloFish®, fluorescent zebrafish engineered with
genes from sea coral. Detection methods, such as PCR, help identify transgenic zebrafish, which
are illegal in many countries. By amplifying specific genes, PCR enables the detection of transgenic
traits, revealing the presence of GloFish® among specimens. Additionally, rapid screening methods
based on protein fluorescence aid in identifying genetically modified zebrafish.
Furthermore, genetically engineered "skinbow" zebrafish possess fluorescent skin cells of various
colors, offering a novel model for studying cell dynamics and tissue regeneration. Injecting
fluorescent genes into zebrafish embryos results in unpredictable yet visually striking color
patterns in skin cells. Live imaging of skin cell turnover and response to injury provides insights
into tissue regeneration mechanisms, promising advancements in skin biology research. Skinbow
zebrafish offer a unique opportunity to explore tissue regeneration processes and may contribute
to a deeper understanding of wound healing mechanisms, representing a significant advancement
in biological research.
The summary of the summary is (68 words):
Whiteflies exhibit horizontal gene transfer with plants, acquiring protective genes like BtPMaT1.
This mechanism, potentially facilitated by plant viruses, highlights underestimated gene exchange
in nature. Genetic modification in GloFish® enables fluorescence detection through PCR, aiding in
regulatory enforcement. Skinbow zebrafish, with fluorescent skin cells, offer a model for studying
tissue regeneration dynamics. These advancements promise insights into wound healing and skin
biology, marking significant progress in biological research.
2
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