Criteria to determine presence of psychopathology?
Correct Answer: 1. Psychological dysfunction with cognitive processes and/or
behavior and/or emotion
2. Distress and/or functional impairment in social and/or vocational and/or education
and/or daily life
3. Culturally Unexpected
When was ...
Criteria to determine presence of psychopatho logy?
Correct Answer: 1. Psychological dysfunction with cognitive processes and/or
behavior and/or emotion
2. Distress and/or functional impairment in social and/or vocational and/or education
and/or daily life
3. Culturally Unexpected
When was the "b irth date" of psychology?
Correct Answer: 1886
Who was Wilhelm Wundt
Correct Answer: German, First psychological lab, one of the first to identify the limits
of short -term memory
Who was thought of as the first Clinical Psychologist?
1 / 4
2 Correct Answer: Lightner Witmer
Who developed the first widely used intelligence test
Correct Answer: Binet and Simon
What initiated the development of the first DSM?
Correct Answer: Assessment was inconsistent. Agreement for diagnosis was at
approximately 20%.
When did Beck publish his study on diagnostic agreement? What did he find?
Correct Answer: 1962 - After the first DSM was published, level of agreement
increased to 32% -42%.
When was psychology recognized for treatment with psychotherapy?
Correct Answer: During and after WWII
DSM III
Correct Answer: established in 1980, heavy dose of empiricism in DSM
concrete, discrete populations, use of field trials to check the ch eck lists.
DSM III -R
Correct Answer: 1987, new symptom checklists, more etiology
2 / 4
3 DSM IV
Correct Answer: 1994
What are some problems with the DSM -5?
Correct Answer: 1. The shift from multiracial diagnosis (Axis I and Axis II),
2. Psychological d isorder may be less categorical and more dimensional, people below
the threshold are suffering maybe just as much as people above the threshold,
3.Generalizability -field trials done mainly in the USA which may or may not apply to
various cultures, 4. Contr oversy with proposed diagnostic categories for the future 5.
Rampant comorbidity - hard to do research on an individual diagnostic criteria -adds to
unreliability, 6. symptom clusters seem to overlap 7. having a DSM in the first place
creates a code for stig matizing people
Defining Features of Psychological Disorders
Correct Answer: 1. discontrol -lack of self -control, inhibition (discontrol is a key element
of substance use disorders, ADHD, personality disorders 2. impairment -- What is
clinically signific ant in regards to impairment? ex: Autism disorder used to be diagnosed
only if severe, non -verbal. What's viewed as significant has changed over the years.
Note: unclear boundaries are often prevalent in diagnosis (ex: same treatment used to
address depr essive and anxiety disorders)
Who initiated the categorical model, recognizing its gray area?
Correct Answer: Kraeplin, he began insisting clear distinctions between normality and
psychopathology.
3 / 4
4 Theories of dual diagnosis
Correct Answer: Primary/Secondary Theory -Psychological disorder first, then
substance use disorders (SUD). Substance use is attempt at self -medication, SUD
related to neurocoginitive deficits related to disorders (ex: schizophrenia symptoms may
put someone at a higher ris k for SUD). OR SUD is primary and psychological condition
is secondary (ex: SUD primary, MDD secondary). cycle of need would drive to MDD -
feeling hopeless
Bidirectional Causality Model - SU influences psych disorder at the same time psych
disorder is influ encing SU. cyclic in nature ex: anxiety disorders and dual diagnosis
Common Factors Model - ASP disorder common factor to explain disorder and SUD, not
a lot of good studies with conclusive factors.
DSM -IV-TR
Correct Answer: 2000
Strengths of categori cal system
Correct Answer: Simplicity
Credibility
What was the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA)?
Correct Answer: Largest and most comprehensive study of mental disorders ever
completed in the United States. The study collected data on the preva lence and
incidence of mental disorders in the United States. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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