Finally we have accommodation providers (hotels, villas, resorts, Airbnb, etc…) which in the past
years have shifted from reflecting the balinese culture in their architecture and style to incorporating
more modern, cool western styles which attracted more influencers and instagrammers. They are
considered essential as they allow and encourage tourists to stay longer contributing to the local
economy. However, many of these businesses are owned by foreign entrepreneurs, contributing to
leakage (more details in “Relevant impacts of tourism on local residents”). They also have
resource-based power.
➢ Important stakeholders
In this category we find locals, which can be considered important stakeholders as they are the main
workforce and representative of the local culture. However, the research shows that tourists have
been given more priority than locals and Canggu is now inhabited mainly by expats; that is why right
now they are placed as important and not as essential in the stakeholders network. Technically, they
have both network and resource based power, since everything new has to go through the approval of
the community first; however, as mentioned before, this has not always been the case.
Next, we find food & beverage facilities, which represent a very important part of the network as
Canggu is well known for its healthy food and trendy menus. Retail shops, such as boutiques,
minimarkets, drugstores, etc…, obviously are important as well for the daily needs of both tourists and
residents. Resource-based power.
Lastly, tourism activities’ suppliers such as yoga studios, surf schools, rental services, etc…, are
important for tourists to enjoy their leisure time on vacation, but also for residents. Obviously
resource-based power as well.
➢ Additional
In this section we find stakeholders which are considered neither essential nor important (in the
current moment, based on findings), but that are or could be of additional value for Canggu and the
other stakeholders. First, the collaboration with other cities and nearby villages would help them
benefit from tourism and its development; however, it is not known if Canggu already has such
collaborations. If it does, it would be network-based power.
Second, local farms supply some of the businesses in Canggu, which makes the products more
sustainable and it helps the community. It is also an added value for more responsible and conscious
tourists and it has resource-based power.
Finally, online booking platforms offer tourists packages in which, together with the accommodation,
the tourist can enjoy other activities and discounts. In this way, tourists are encouraged to do multiple
things in different places and the businesses involved benefit from it. They have network-based
power.
➢ Relations between stakeholders
A stakeholder network is usually composed of many connections and relations (as we can also
observe from the image above). In this section, we will only analyse the most important inter-relations
between stakeholders in Canggu.
As we can see, the banjars have connections with almost every stakeholder, as they represent the
community with its rules and traditions; also the tourist is connected to almost every stakeholder in the
map, as it represents the main source of income for the whole community and businesses.
The other important relationships are between suppliers, for example local farmers, food & beverage
companies and accommodation providers. They are all connected to each other as they are an
important part of the tourist’s stay. For example, some of them have agreements to offer packages’
deals through online booking platforms.
6. Image of Canggu
“How do tourists perceive Canggu and Balinese people?”
According to (Jenkins, 1999) “A destination image is the expression of all objective knowledge,
impressions, prejudice, imaginations, and emotional thoughts an individual or group might have of a
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