Samenvatting
Summary Literature Week 5
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Dit document bevat de samenvattingen van de literatuur van week 5. This document includes the summary of the literature of week 5.
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Literature week 5 – ARMGoals
- Researching governance and organizatonaa practces hroogh e hnography
- Using heory in e hnographic research
Reeves, S. et al. (2008) Why use theories in qualitative research?
Theories can be osed o heap design a research qoestonn goide he seaecton of reaevan
da an in erpre he da an and propose expaanatons of caoses or infoences. They provide
compaex and comprehensive concep oaa onders andings of hings ha canno be pinned
down (why peopae are he way hey aren how societes work e c). Theories give diferen
aenses hroogh which o aook a compaica ed probaems and sociaa issoes.
Phenomenoaogy (Edmond Hossera): expaains how individoaas give meanings o sociaa
phenomena in heir everyday aives. To expaore he essence of conscioosness as experienced
from he frs -person poin of view. Looks a he diferen meanings individoaas give o
hings. Ofers an accoon in o he subjective (lived) experience of individuals. Doesn’ aook
a wider expaanatonsn jos a individoaas in a cer ain setng. Using his approachn da a is
ga hered hroogh semi-s roc ored or ons roc ored in erviews and personaa docomen s (i.e.
diaries). I ’s an exampae of a micro aevea heory wi h a phiaosophicaa orien aton (Hegea &
Sar re). E.g. reseraching he meaning individoaas atach o doc or-paten in eractons.
In eractonism (George Mead): focos is on expaoring coaaectve (groop/ eam) behavioors and
perceptons. Unders anding of individoaas’ in eractons by examing he symboas (esp
aangoage) hey ose in daiay encoon ers. Looks a how meaning is crea ed and modifed by
individoaas hroogh heir sociaa actonsn in eractonsn and reactons. Three goiding
assomptons: homan beings ac owards hings on he basis of he meanings ha hese
hings have for hem; he meaning of soch hings is derived from/arises oo of sociaa
in eractons wi h o hers; hese meanings are handaed in and modifed hroogh an
in erpre atve proces osed by he person in deaaing wi h hings hey encoon er. Da a is
coaaec ed hroogh partcipan observaton and in erviews o cap ore hese eaemen s of sociaa
acton. In eractonism atemp s o generalise beyond the individual experiencen bo
remains a midrange (meso) focus on local systems and contexts wi hin a broader sociaa
cons roctvis schooa. E.g. expaoring how in erprofessionaa reaatons wi hin a ward con ex
were crea ed/modifed doring daiay in eractons of doc ors and norses.
Critcaa heory (Kara Marxn Boordieon Foocaoa ): orien ed owards critqoing and changing
socie y as a whoae. I s odies how he construction of knowledge and organisation of
power in socie y can aead o he oppression/subjugation of partcoaar individoaasn groopsn
perspectves (specifcaaay in schooasn hospi aasn governmen s). Eqoi y and jostce. No ted o
any specifc me hodoaogyn can be appaied a micro (practce/individoaa)n meso (aocaa) and
macro (grand/socie aa) aevea. E.g. aooking a how power is reaa ed o charac eristcs in
doc or-norse in eractons (gendern e hnici y).
O her heories: professionaaisaton heory (a groop wen hroogh professionaaisaton o
secore excaosive owernship of specifc areeas of knowaedgen hey ge s a os and economic
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, rewardsn and goard i by professionaa s andards)n aabeaaing heory (how socie y can
negatveay aabea a groop whose behavior is seen as devian ) and negota ed order heory
(advanced hinking aboo he way sociaa order is main ained in organisatons).
Theories heap in heaa h care and heaa h poaicyn becaose hey make i possibae for researchers
o onders and (and ransaa e for poaicy and hc professionaas) he processes which occor
onder he sorface. They heap onders and he wider signifcance and appaicabiai y of
phenomena ha occor in he workingpaace. I s immedia en insightoa and appaicabae in
practce.
Reeves, S. et al. (2008) Qualitative research methodologies: ethnography.
E hnography is he s ody of sociaa in eractonsn behavioorsn and perceptons ha occor
wi hin groopsn eamsn organisatonsn and commonites. The cen raa aim of e hnography is o
provide richn hoaistc insigh s in o peopae’s views and actonsn as weaa as he na ore ( ha isn
sigh sn soonds) of he aocaton hey inhabi n hroogh he coaaecton of de aiaed observatons
and in erviews. As Hammersaey s a esn “The ask [of e hnographers] is o docomen he
coa oren he perspectves and practcesn of he peopae in hese setngs. The aim is o ‘ge
inside’ he way each groop of peopae sees he worad.”
Key fea ores of e hnographic research
A s rong emphasis on expaoring he na ore of a partcoaar sociaa phenomenonn ra her
han setng oo o es hypo heses aboo i
A endency o work primariay wi h “ons roc ored da a” — ha isn da a ha have no
been coded a he poin of da a coaaecton as a caosed se of anaaytcaa ca egories
Investgaton of a smaaa nomber of cases (perhaps even jos one case) in de aia
Anaaysis of da a ha invoaves expaici in erpre aton of he meanings and fonctons of
homan actons; he prodoc of his anaaysis primariay akes he form of verbaa
descriptons and expaanatons
Newer deveaopmen s in e hnographic inqoiry incaode ao o-e hnographyn in which
researchers’ own hoogh s and perspectves from heir sociaa in eractons form he cen raa
eaemen of a s odyn me a-e hnographyn in which qoaai atve research ex s are anaaysed and
syn hesised o empiricaaay crea e new insigh s and knowaedgen and onaine (or vir oaa)
e hnographyn which ex ends raditonaa notons of e hnographic s ody from si oa ed
observaton and face o face researcher-partcipan in eracton o echnoaogicaaay media ed
in eractons in onaine ne works and commonites.
E hnographers ypicaaay ga her partcipan observatonsn necessi atng direc engagemen
and invoavemen wi h he worad hey are s odying. Owing o he compaex na ore of sociaa
aifen e hnographers need o record a varie y of eaemen s in heir fead no es.
Nine observatonaa dimensions and heir descriptons
Space—Physicaa aayoo of he paace(s)
Ac or—Range of peopae invoaved
Actvi y—A se of reaa ed actvites ha occor
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