Samenvatting
PART II summary IR: CR
Summary of all readings
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 42 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 42 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Week 5Readings 8
Scholte, J. A. (2008). Defining globalisation. World Economy, 31(11), 1471-1502.
Globalisation continues: The Maastricht Globalisation Index
revisited and updated
33.1 Introduction: a pluralistic approach to globalisation
Introduction:
● Globalisation is a multi-dimensional and multi-scalar phenomenon, evolving through
nested and complex system structures (Jessop, 2000).
● Acknowledges the pluralistic nature of driving forces and consequences, emphasizing
the need for a holistic perspective.
Defining Contemporary Globalisation:
● Describes contemporary globalisation as the intensification of cross-national
interactions, fostering transnational structures and global integration (Rennen &
Martens, 2003).
● Global systems perspective highlights interconnectedness, resulting in increasing
complexity across scales.
Scientific Perspective and Measurement:
● Stresses the importance of tools and methods for measuring complex phenomena like
globalisation.
● Introduces the Maastricht Globalisation Index as a comprehensive measurement tool.
Sections in Detail:
Composite Indicators and Maastricht Globalisation Index:
● Explores the significance of composite indicators capturing the multifaceted
nature of globalisation.
● Highlights the Maastricht Globalisation Index as a comprehensive tool.
Empirical Operationalisation:
● Explains empirical operationalization of globalisation components, grounding
measurement in tangible factors for accuracy.
, Updated Calculation Methodology:
● Describes recent adaptations in the calculation methodology, emphasizing
refinements for improved accuracy.
Results for 117 Countries:
● Presents states and changes in globalisation for 117 countries.
● Offers insights into the evolution of globalisation over specific periods.
Discussion on Quantitative Empirical Work:
● Explores challenges in quantitative empirical work on globalisation.
● Acknowledges limitations in measuring globalisation trends, opening avenues
for further discussion.
33.2 The Maastricht Globalisation Index (MGI)
Composite Indicators (CIs) in Globalisation:
● CIs serve as powerful tools for understanding and communicating complex,
multi-dimensional concepts like globalisation.
● Constructed by aggregating individual quantitative or qualitative indicators into a
comprehensive index.
Quantitative Nature of CIs:
● Most CIs, including the MGI, are quantitatively driven, providing a basis for relative
ranking or country performance comparison.
● Acknowledges subjectivity in the construction process, highlighting the importance of
transparency in methodological choices (Caselli, 2012).
Critique on Measuring Globalisation:
● Caselli's critique emphasizes the indirect measurement of globalisation, stressing the
absence of a single correct or objective method.
● Recognizes the significance of making subjective methodological choices transparent
in the construction of CIs.
The Maastricht Globalisation Index (MGI):
● Developed by Martens & Raza (2009), Martens & Zywietz (2006), and Rennen &
Martens (2003), with subsequent applications (Martens et al., 2010; Martens &
Amelung, 2010; Martens & Raza, 2010).
● Utilized as a comprehensive tool for measuring globalisation, addressing domains and
variables crucial to the index's construction.
Methodological Choices and Transparency:
● Discusses the subjective choices involved in the construction process, emphasizing
transparency in methodology.
● Recognizes that globalisation measurement requires a nuanced approach, and
different indicators may capture distinct facets of the phenomenon.
Critical Reflections and New Directions:
● Acknowledges critical reflections on globalisation measurement, pointing to works by
Caselli (2008, 2012), Dreher et al. (2010), and Lombaerde & Lapadre (2008).
,● Highlights the continuous evolution of globalization indices and the quest for new
directions, as discussed by Martens et al. (2015).
33.3 Components of the MGI
Subjectivity in Indicator Selection:
● The choice of domains and indicators in the MGI is subjective, varying among scholars
based on their perspectives and priorities.
● Different researchers make distinct choices driven by validity and data availability,
acknowledging the diversity in existing indices.
Perception and Themes in Globalisation:
● Indicators within the MGI exemplify major themes in the globalisation debate as
perceived by the author.
● Avoids claiming absolute objectivity, recognizing the danger of hiding behind a "veil of
quantitative and statistical objectivity."
Multidimensional Domains in MGI:
● Developed in response to neo-liberal-focused indices, the MGI comprises five
domains: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and environmental.
● Stresses a multidimensional definition of globalisation, going beyond a narrow
economic lens.
Inclusion of Unique Domains:
● Uniqueness of MGI lies in the incorporation of the environmental domain and an
indicator reflecting the globalisation of a country's military-industrial complex.
Environmental Domain and Military-Industrial Complex:
● Environmental indicators assess ecological footprint in imports and exports.
● Military indicators gauge the globalisation of a country's military-industrial complex,
offering a distinctive perspective compared to other indices.
Indicator Details - Political, Economic, and Social-Cultural Domains:
● Political indicators include the absolute number of in-country embassies, memberships
in international organizations, and the share of arms trade in military spending.
● Economic indicators involve trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and net private
capital flows.
● Social-cultural indicators cover international migrant stock, tourism, and technological
indicators encompass cell phone subscriptions and internet users.
Indicator Details - Environmental Domain:
● Environmental indicators measure the ecological footprint of imports and exports as a
share of biocapacity.
Current Coverage and Unique Aspects:
● The MGI currently spans 117 countries, reflecting its widespread applicability.
● The comprehensive coverage and unique domains distinguish MGI from other
multidimensional globalisation indices.
, 33.4 Calculation of the MGI
Methodological Subjectivity:
● Calculation of the MGI involves a subjective process, mirroring the choices made in
indicator selection.
● The OECD's handbook on composite indicators provides an overview of different
methodological approaches.
Calculation Steps:
● Indicators are calculated and missing data is imputed through extrapolation from
historical data.
● Logarithmic transformation is applied to indicators with highly skewed distributions for
normalization (military, FDI, capital, migrants, tourism, and eco-footprint).
Indicator Score Calculation:
● Following Dreher's approach, scores are calculated using panel normalization with the
formula ((Vi-Vmin)/(Vmax-Vmin)*100).
● This step ensures consistency in scoring across diverse indicators.
Aggregation Process:
● Aggregation occurs first at the domain level and then at the MGI level.
● Equal weighting is applied in both aggregation steps, aligning with the
multidimensional definition of globalisation.
Multiscalar Definition:
● The MGI does not explicitly distinguish between globalisation, internationalisation, and
regionalisation.
● Adhering to a multiscalar perspective, it treats internationalisation and regionalisation
as integral sub-processes of globalisation.
Implicit Assumptions:
● Assumes that countries with numerous international and regional links also possess a
greater number of global linkages.
● Does not differentiate between globalisation based on functional integration and
geographical spread.
Naming Consideration:
● Acknowledges the potential critique of not explicitly distinguishing globalisation,
internationalisation, and regionalisation.
● Implicitly considers the index as a broader Maastricht Globalisation /
Internationalisation / Regionalisation Index.
Limitations in Constructing a Distinctive Globalisation Index:
● Recognizes the challenge in constructing an index exclusively focused on globalisation
due to data constraints.
● Concludes that the MGI encompasses globalisation, internationalisation, and
regionalisation as interconnected processes.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper raulcastaedachavez. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67474 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen