Over de productie van papier van vroeger tot nu en hoe je verschillende papiersoorten kan herkennen. Gramgewicht, formaat, looprichting, zeef- en viltzijde, witheid, opaciteit, dikte en opdikking, PH-waarde, vochtigheid en meer.
Material Science
1 Papier in de mediamix
1.1 Waarom papier
Papier is interessant omdat er een interactie is tussen de inkt en de drager. Als je een ander papier
zou nemen en je drukt hetzelfde op, dan ga je telkens een ander resultaat krijgen. Papier is
absorberend.
1.2 Print is dead, alles gaat digitaal.
Klopt niet.
Denk aan voorbeelden zoals Tomorrowland. Als je een ticket hebt bemachtigd krijg je uw ticket in
een doosje met andere accessoires. Het drukwerk is ook heel mooi gedaan met goudfolie e.d.
Ook facebook heeft een magazine gelanceerd. Ook AirBnB is volledig online begonnen maar hebben
nu ook een magazine uitgegeven. Idem bij Uber.
Er is een mediamix. Er is een digitaal én een gedrukt platform.
1.3 Graphic Designer @ Work
De monsterkamer is een kantoor in Amsterdam. Zij geven advies over papier.
Als je niet weet welk papier je wil gebruiken kan je naar daar gaan en zij gaan
advies geven.
Filmpje: De paper is de message. Ze krijgen een mail en ze antwoorden op
papier.
1.4 What’s keeping print alive
Er is een verklaring te vinden n verschillende wetenschappelijke disciplines:
- Toegepaste taalkunst: tekstlinguïstiek binnen toegepaste taalkunde
o Informatieve tekst
Die een stand van zaken in werkelijkheid weergeven
o Persuasieve tekst
Die de luisteraar of lezen van iets willen overtuigen
o Betogende tekst
Die een bepaald standpunt / visie innemen en met argumenten onderbouwen
o Expressieve tekst
Die uitdrukken wat er in de spreker of schrijver omgaat
o Ontspannende of diverterende tekst
Die de lezer of luisteraar willen verstrooien
- Neurowetenschap
Aspecten van het zenuwstelsel, zintuigen worden aangestuurd door centraal zenuwstelsel:
zien, horen, ruiken, smaken en tasten.
o Digitale media: zien en horen
o Gedrukte media: zien, horen, ruiken en tasten
Hoe mee zintuigen er aangesproken worden hoe beter.
- Cognitieve psychologie
, De tak van de psychologie die zich bezighoudt met alle psychische processen die te maken
hebben met zaken als begrip, kennis, herinneringen, geheugen, probleemoplossingen en
informatieverwerking.
Zoekt / onderzoekt relatie tussen vermogen om informatie op te doen en het gedrag van de
mens.
Lezen online vs op papier : bewezen dat als je lange teksten op het internet leest dat de lezen
er last van krijgt. Boeken maken van het lezen een tastbaar gegeven.
Papier zet aan tot online shopping: op folders of in catalogussen wordt er verwezen naar de
online site.
Conclusie waarom papier nog steeds ‘in’ is.
De keuze van het medium is een keuze voor het aantal zintuigen dat je wil laten gebruiken. Hoe
meer zintuigen dat je kiest, hoe beter de boodschap zal onthouden worden.
De keuze voor het aantal zintuigen beïnvloed de psychische processen. De psychische processen
(neurowetenschappen, cognitieve psychologie, bepaalde dingen beter onthouden) sturen de actie /
feedback die je verwacht van de gebruiker.
1.5 Opdracht: 6 filmpjes bekijken en testjes maken
1.5.1 Filmpje 1
Hi I'm dr. David Eagleman Welcome to neuroscience shorts. I want to talk to you about something
that my lab studies haptics the science of touch. I'm gonna tell you about touch from skin to nerves
to the brain. It's a complex and counterintuitive system and it's a very beautiful one.
We're gonna look at how humans process touch. Both consciously and unconsciously and we're
gonna explore the powerful influence that it has on our lives. The largest organ in your body is
actually on your body. It's your skin and it's a miraculous sort of material. More than half the human
brain is devoted to processing sensory experience. But unlike your other senses which are focused
skin and touch this is spread across your whole body. Touch is the only sense that puts you in direct
contact with your subject sayed and hearing these operating at a distance but you can't touch
something without being touched yourself.
So let's zoom in on how haptics works. You have many different receptor types embedded in your
skin. For detecting pressure and itch and coolness and stretch and you have many different ways to
detect pain. So there's mechanical pain like when you get cut and there's thermal pain when
something's hot and there's chemical pain when there's an acid on your skin. And together this whole
zoo of receptors inside your skin allows you to tell a lot about the outside world in terms of texture
and temperature and pressure and roughness and hardness. Your sense of what's out there is totally
dependent on these receptors in your skin. If you inject something to block their operation then
you're not aware anything's out there. That's what we call a local anesthetic. But it only begins with
the receptors that's not the endpoint. From receptors in your skin signals travel up nerves to the
elevator of your spinal cord and they go up to your brain and they end up in a place called the
somatosensory cortex, which is a strip along the outside of your brain about where you would wear
headphones. If you were to measure brain activity along this strip you see that every tiny millimeter
of it corresponds to some particular part of your body and you'd see that not all body parts are
represented equally. Some parts have more real estate devoted to them like hands and your feet and
your genitals and your mouth and your lips and your tongue. It's not surprising that we devote so
much of our brains territory. To the hands humans began to walk upright several million years ago
and that freed up our hands to go and explore the world around us they became much more
important. And so our brain changed accordingly the situation. Now is that our fingertips have 2000
,sensory receptors in them and this gives us such exquisite sensitivity that we can feel little bumps the
width of a human hair. Helen Keller could lay her hand on the radio and feel the difference between
the strings and the Coronets. Plato didn't think much of touch he considered it the most carnal of all
the senses. But his student Aristotle had a very different view. He said while man falls below other
animal species in all the other senses in touch he excels other species in the exactness of
discrimination and that is why man is the most intelligent of all the animals you
Vragen over filmpje:
1) “Man falls below other animal species in all the other senses but in touch he excels other
species in the exactness of discrimination. That is why man is the most intelligent al all the
animals”
This quote comes from …
o Dr. David Eagleman
o Aristotle
o Plato
o Socrates
2) How many sensory receptors do we have on our fingertips?
o >500 … = <1500
o >1500 … = < 2500
o >0… = < 500
o >2500 … =<5000
1.5.2 Filmpje 2
in the 1950s a scientist named Harry Harlow wanted to understand something about the importance
of touch between babies and mothers so he did this in monkeys he took a baby monkey and
separated it from its mother and put it into a cage with to substitute mothers both of whom were
made out of wireframe one of those had a bottle of milk but it was bare wire otherwise the other
one had no milk but it was covered in terry cloth and he watched what happened the baby monkey
would get some milk from this mother and then run over and hugged the terrycloth mother and
when the baby monkey was frightened it would only go to the terry cloth mother and hold onto her
these studies nailed down earlier suspicions that there's more to the mother-child relationship than
just nourishment what heart Laree lies is that this contact comfort is an essential part of the
monkeys brain development and by extension a human child's development as well touch is critical to
the mother-child interaction so Harlow went further to understand this he put monkeys in cages
where they could see each other and hear and smell each other but they couldn't touch and what
happened is these monkeys developed real behavioral problems they rocked and they clasped
themselves and they emotionally withdrew and in a later study the screen that was dividing the
monkeys got holes put in it so now the monkeys could touch each other and all of a sudden this
fixed things the youngsters no longer developed these behavioural problems for a beautiful
illustration of just how much humans need touch just look at any neonatal intensive care unit at the
University of Miami they have 14,000 birth of the year and so the doctors there see a real stream of
babies that need some extra care and what they've found with premature births is that the most
important thing a caregiver can do is what's called stim or stimulating massage three times a day the
nurses and the parents stroke the premature infants and it can't be too light or it tickles the infant
and it can't be too firm or it agitates the infant so they do adjust at a slow steady pace like smoothing
a wrinkle from Tamarack and they do six times on the head in the face and then six times on the
back and the neck and the arms and the legs the results are dramatic those babies that were
massaged gained weight fifty percent faster than their peers who weren't touched and their nervous
, systems mature faster and they become more alert and active and responsive and they end up getting
discharged from the hospital an average of six days sooner and even eight months later they're
healthier and bigger and have fewer health problems than those infants who weren't touched so
touch is the basis for a healthy emotional life but beyond emotions touch is informational it's what
allows us to gather information about our world and exert our influence over it and in the next
video we're going to talk about that
Vragen over filmpje:
1) What did Harlow use for his experiment in the 1950s?
o Real mother monkey vs. terrycloth monkey with a bottle of milk
o Bare wireframe monkey vs. terrycloth monkey with a bottle of milk
o Terrycloth monkey vs. bare wireframe monkey with a bottle of milk
o Bare wireframe monkey with a bottle of milk vs. real mother monkey
2) Which effect of stim (stimulating massage) for premature born babies is not correct?
o They are discharged form hospital 6 days sooner.
o They gain weight 80% faster.
o They have fewer health problems even 8 months later.
o They become more alert and responsive.
1.5.3 Filmpje 3:
the way that we understand and interpret the world has a lot to do with our physical bodies how we
feel about things drives the way that we think and that we behave and this is known as embodied
cognition you can't think about thinking without understanding how the body plays a role in that and
in fact even our language is often built on top of our physical interactions with the world so we say
that was a rough event where that was a heavy movie where she has a warm personality at the root
of our language is the way that we touch and feel the world when we're trying to decide something
like is that person friendly or is that company competent and trustworthy we're using the same brain
networks that are involved in assessing warmth and texture and solidness and weight in other words
the haptic machinery that we have is what helps us answer questions about personal warmth or
friendliness in our daily lives touch serves as a high bandwidth channel to move information between
people it's a really powerful communication tool so to give a surance you you lay a hand on
somebody's forearm or to give kudos you slap somebody on the back and in an aggressive situation
people poke each other and when people shake hands they notice the firmness of each other's grip
and to show affection people do things like move a hair out of the way or nuzzle up with somebody's
cheek we communicate a lot more information through touch than were normally aware of there
was a study at DePaul University where they blindfolded people and asked them to communicate a
social emotion just by touching the other person so they were asked to communicate things like
anger fear disgust or love or gratitude or sympathy or happiness or sadness just through touch and
people were blindfold and figured there would be no way they'd be able to communicate that but
they did much better than they thought 75% of the time the other person was able to understand
the social emotion that was being communicated and this just underscores how good we are at using
this communication channel just look at how important touch is in the world of sports so when you
watch a basketball game you see all these professional basketball players high-fiving and chest
bumping and slapping each other on the back so what's that about one possibility is that it's just a
tradition and it doesn't have any particular meaning but some people started getting interested in
whether this actually was a form of bonding and was therefore better for the game so scientists from
the University of Illinois started looking into this question and they measured the number of times
that there was friendly contact between team members and they found something amazing which is
that by the end of the season those teams that had more physical contact were ranked much higher
why well the best hypothesis is that it increased trust and affiliation and it decreased stress hormones
and this sheds light on a tradition in long distance bike riding so if a cyclist is slowing down they're
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