Samenvatting
Summary Problem 2 3.4 Affective disorders
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Summary of problem 2 block 3.4 for the Specialisation : Clinical Psychology
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 32 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 32 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Kendler → Sex differences in the pathways to major depression : a study of opposite sex twinpairs
● Women have higher rate of MDD
●
,●
● Low parental warmth, parental loss, neuroticism, lifetime traumas, divorce, social
support, marital satisfaction contribute more strongly to the MDD pathway in females
● For males : low self esteem, drug use disorder, past history of major depression, distal
and dependent proximal stressful life events
● Discussion
○ Best fit model data → 60% of the paths in the model differed between the sexes
○ Earliest developmental factors : childhood sexual abuse and low parental warmth
= potent down stream in M and F
○ Drug use disorders influenced M more
○ Divorce and low social support more for F
○ Marital satisfaction higher effects in F
, ○ 20 risk variables divided into → no/modest/moderate/large sex differences
■ 9 variables similar, 5 F>M, 6 M>F
○ The five risk variables with a stronger total impact of liability to major depression
in women reflected personality and interpersonal relationships
■ Neuroticism 30% more potent in in F
■ Parental warmth, divorce, social support, marital satisfaction
■ Women place more importance on interpersonal relationships
■ Women more emotionally involved in their social networks
○ The six risk variables with a stronger total impact on liability to major depression
in men were divisible into three groups,
■ externalizing psychopathology
● Men have higher rates of conduct disorder and drug abuse
■ prior depressive history
● More sensitivity to childhood abuse/stressors from previous year
(past history more of a risk predictor)
■ greater sensitivity to specific stressors
● More sensitive to recent stressful events
● Removed marital satisfaction → removal equalized impact of
stressful life events
● Blatt
○ Anaclitic depression → deficiencies in caring relationships and unmet
dependency needs (more in women)
○ Introjective depression → inability to meet internal demands for self-worth and
achievement (more in men)
● Limitations
○ Model assumes causal relationship between predictor and DV
○ Recall bias during long term memory assessment
○ The model assumes that multiple independent variables act additively and
linearly in their impact on risk for major depression. This is unlikely to be true
○ Sample adult twins from virginia
Martin - the experience of symptoms of depression in men vs women
● Addis 4 conceptual frameworks to address how gender shapes men’s experiences of
depression
○ Sex differences framework
■ Sex differences in symptoms
○ The masked depression framework
■ Men express emotions as “depressive equivalents” not directly expressing
emotions, makes it hard to identify
○ Masculine depression framework
■ Hegemonic masculinity → externalizing symptoms, reacting with anger,
self destructive, more irritable, lower impulse control
, ○ Gendered response framework
■ Men’s reaction to negative affect are shaped by adherence or rejection of
hegemonic masculinity , gendered socialization
● Gotland male depression scale
● Masculine depression scale
● Male symptoms scale
○ Depression more prevalent in men when assessed with MSS
○ Sex differences in endorsement of specific items → men endorsed anger,
substance abuse, risk taking behavior
● Gender inclusive depression scale
○ men endorsed anger attacks/ aggression, substance abuse, risk-taking behavior,
and hyperactivity more than women
○ Depressed mood was the principal symptom for both men and women
● Discussion
○ men were significantly more likely to report symptoms of anger
attacks/aggression, irritability, substance abuse, and risk-taking behaviors over
symptoms such as withdrawal from friends, sleep problems, and feelings of
competitiveness
○ Relying on traditional symptoms may cause underdiagnosis in men
○ 2 measures had high internal consistency
○ The MSS found that depression was more prevalent among men than women
and more prevalent among men than major depression
○ Men endorsed externalizing symptoms more and women endorsed traditional
depression symptoms more
○ More women than men fit the criteria for irritable depression
○ Externalizing symptoms not present in all men
○ GIDS identified depression in men more often than when only the traditional
DSM-IV criteria were used = men and women in equal proportions
● Limitations
○ Secondary data analysis → not all constructs in the literature used
○ Several constructs imperfect
○ Not be confident that all the symptoms assessed in our scale were present during
the same time period
● Conclusion
○ Future use
○ Important changes in conceptualization/measurement of depression
○ Men are willing to endorse the alternative depression syndromes
○ Current depression criteria may be biased towards women
○ Male-type symptoms also common in women
○ Gender likely plays an important role in how men and women conceptualize and
experience depression.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper stasamilenkovic2002. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 75759 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen