What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? - Correct Answer -a continuum of neurodevelopment impairments, specifically in the domains of social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviour
-can be associated with intellectual disabilities, but not all have them
ASD population stats - Correct...
ASD EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2024/2025
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? - Correct Answer -a continuum of
neurodevelopment impairments, specifically in the domains of social communication
and restricted and repetitive behaviour
-can be associated with intellectual disabilities, but not all have them
ASD population stats - Correct Answer -1 in 68
-1-2% of worlds population
Prevalence of ASD Increasing - Correct Answer -not sure why
-could be due to awareness, willingness to disclose, the way we collect information,
diagnosis, criteria or ASD is just more broad now
Autism Characteristics - Correct Answer -typical symptoms can occur as early as 6-12
months (diagnosis usually at 18 months)
-12-24 months, symptoms may improve or regress
-25%-75% of children with autism have intellectual delays
-access to service is based on absence/presence of intellectual disability
Leo Kanner - Correct Answer -published book in 1943
-first account of autistic disturbances
-found there was a lack of emotional contact, resistance to change, rote memory and
visual/spatial skills
-first medical model considered it a physical illness
-originally suggested it was due to relationship between kid and mother (treatment for
mothers)
Before Leo Kanner - Correct Answer -possible diagnosis' for ASD
psychoanalysts: a neurotic condition caused by maladaptive maternal relationships
-learned behaviour
Hans Asperger - Correct Answer -Hans Asperger was writing about Aspergers disorder,
and characteristics overlapped
-autistic psychopathy, little professors, intense absorption in special interest
-came to north america 40 years later
Asperger Disorder - Correct Answer -not always delay in language/development in
language
-monotone
-affects more boys than girls
,-repetitive routines
-socially emotionally inappropriate behaviour and unsuccessful peer interaction
-cognitive ability in normal range
Moving to Medical Model - Correct Answer -started looking at brain abnormalities,
wanted to see which area of the brain was affected
-able to link ASD to mothers or rubella (similar virus)
-1980 was first autism distinct condition
all include:
-only feeling simple emotions
-sensory/perceptual processing, either over sensitive or have low sensitivity
-impaired motor skills
Autism & Language - Correct Answer -low functioning autism: little or no use of
understanding speech, may have grammar difficulties
-high functioning autism: normal language
Diagnosis of ASD - Correct Answer -involves in-depth gathering of information
-direct observation and interaction
-no clear boundary, hard to diagnose
-benefits of age of onset, family history, genetic research
Difference in ASD Distribution - Correct Answer -more common in males (low-
functioning, 4:1 and high-functioning, 6:1)
-little evidence (but some have attempted) to explain difference in geography/race/social
class
Reasons Why Diagnosis is Useful - Correct Answer -make treatment decisions
-understanding the condition
-helps others understand
-justifies behaviour under public scrutiny
-access to services, creation of services
-comparison groups in research
Reasons Against Diagnosis - Correct Answer -stigma
-barriers in social situations and independence
-abuse of diagnosis
Why Clinicians Must be Careful with Diagnosis - Correct Answer -although early
detection is important, don't want to cause family anxiety
-all children develop differently
, -with older individuals, having the diagnoses will help with support, intervention, and self
understanding
Stages of Diagnosis - Correct Answer -parents notice something, unusual parents
brings concern to doctor (performs MCHAT, list of questions) referred to paediatrician
-completes diagnostic assessment and/or..
-refers client to clinical psychologist for diagnostic assessment and/or...
-refers client to SLP (for language) and/or...
-refers to audiologist
Older Individuals with ASD - Correct Answer -more commonly gets overlooked or
misdiagnosed with mental health problems
-once start in school get flagged by psycho-educational consultants
-take concerns to family doctor, referred to clinical psychologist
Professionals Included in ASD Assessment - Correct Answer -psychiatrist
-psychologist
-paediatrician
-physician
Challenges of Diagnosis - Correct Answer -features of ASD and features of
developmental disability or condition may be co-existing
-knowledge of typical development changes in many areas and variation in these
changes
-difficult recognizing symptoms
-behaviour can vary depending on the environment/people present
-no biomarkers to identify ASD, only clinical judgment
M-CHAT-R - Correct Answer modified checklist for autism in toddlers
-type of ASD screening
-designed to detect core features of autism as early as 18 mo
-failure on 3 key items = at risk of autism
-designed to be used as step to formal referral
Brigance Inventory of Early Development - Correct Answer -type of ASD screening
-designed to measure overall informal assessment of development in variety of areas
(speech, pre-academics, comprehension)
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