EDUC118 : Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
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EDUC 118
EDUC118 : Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
research approach
plans and the procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumption to detailed methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Qualitative research
•Aim:To explore or understand the meaning of indi...
EDUC118 : Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers
research approach
plans and the procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumption to detailed
methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Qualitative research
•Aim:To explore or understand the meaning of individuals or groups
•Process:
• involves emerging questions and procedures, • data typically collected in the participant's setting, •
data analysis inductively building from particulars to general themes and • the researcher making
interpretations of the meaning of the data. • The final written report has a flexible structure.
• Uses the an inductive approach to analysis
Quantitative research
•Aim: Tests objective theories
•Process:
• Examines relationships among measurable variables • Uses survey instruments that produce
numbered data • Uses statistical analysis of data generated • Tests theories deductively • Uses a set
structure for the final report
• Uses the an deductive approach to analysis
mixed methods research
• Collects both quantitative and qualitative data
• Integrates the two forms of data
• Uses distinct designs that may involve philosophy or theory
•Yields additional insight to a research problem
Philosophical world views
a general philosophical orientation about the world
•Beliefs about the world and nature of research
•Four common worldviews:
- Postpositivism
- Constructivism
- Transformative
- Pragmatism
Research designs
procedures for inquiry
Research methods
specific data collection, analysis, and interpretation methods
Postpositivism
• "...identify and assess the causes that influence outcomes, such as those found in experiments"
• "...reduce the ideas into a small, discrete set to test"
• "...careful observation and measurement of the objective reality that exists 'out there' in the world"
• "used for theory verification"
, constructivist
• "Social constructivists believe that individuals seek understanding of the world in which they live
and work."
• "These meanings are varied and multiple, leading the researcher to look for the complexity of views
rather than narrowing rather than meanings into a few categories or ideas."
• The more open-ended the questioning, the better, as the researcher listens carefully to what people
say or do in their life settings.
• Used for theory generation.
Transformative
• "...research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political change agenda to confront
social oppression at whatever level it occurs"
• "...contains an action agenda for reform that may change lives of the participants, the institutions in
which individuals work or live, and the researcher's life"
• "...speak(s) to important social issues of the day, issues such as empowerment, inequality,
oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation"
• "...inquirer will proceed collaboratively so as to not further marginalize participants as the result of
inquiry"
Quantitative research designs
•Experimental research
• Randomized experiment
• Quasi experiment
• Non experimental research
• Causal-comparative research
• Correlational design • Survey research
Qualitative research designs
• Narrative research •Phenomenological research
•Grounded theory •Ethnography
• Case studies
• Content analysis
quantitative approach is best when
-Identifying factors that influence a particular outcome
-Evaluating the utility of an intervention
-Understanding best predictors of an outcome
Qualitative approach is best when
-The topic is new
-The subject has not been addressed with a certain sample
-Existing theories do not apply
mixed methods approach is best when
-Neither quantitative nor qualitative approaches are adequate to understand a research problem
-The strength of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides the best understanding
-E.g., generalize findings and develop detailed view
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