Samenvatting
Samenvatting Actie alle literatuur 2024
- Vak
- Actie (PSY3012B)
- Instelling
- Maastricht University (UM)
Samenvatting van alle literatuur voor het vak Actie van de bachelor Psychologie op Universiteit Maastricht.
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Voorbeeld 4 van de 137 pagina's
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Action all literature 2024Action task 1
Two action systems in the human brain Ferdinand Binkofski, Laurel J.
Buxbaum
Ventro-dorsal and dorso-dorsal substreams
the outputs from the primary and secondary visual cortex (V1 and V2) to MT and visual area
4 (V4) are assumed to initiate two anatomically and functionally distinct channels of visual
information processing named the dorsal and ventral streams
→ MT is specialized for processing motion and depth
→ V4 is specialized for processing form and possibly color.
→ Newer findings emphasize the role of area V3a in motion processing and its role
in the dorsal stream
→ o mediate navigation and the visual control of skilled actions directed at
objects in the visual world
Ventral stream → transform visual inputs into representations that embody the enduring
characteristics of objects and their spatial relationships
Dorsal stream → large number of interconnected extrastriate cortical areas in the parietal
cortex, including medial superior temporal (MST), fundus of the superior temporal (FST),
superior temporal polysensory (STP), ventral intraparietal (VIP), lateral intraparietal (LIP),
mesial intraparietal area (MIP), anterior intraparietal (AIP) and inferioparietal area PF
→ direction of motion and binocular disparity selectivity in MT, more complex
motion analysis related to locomotion and pursuit/tracking in areas downstream
from MT in the STS (superior temporal sulcus) (MST, FST, and STP), and
computations informing target selection for arm and eye movements, object
manipulation and visuospatial attention in areas of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS),
which divides the IPL and SPL (AIP, MIP, LIP, VIP, and V6a).
→ theory of independent visuo-motor channels hypothesized that reach-to-grasp
movements require independent coding of different object properties
→ anatomical studies have lent support to the idea that the transformation of these
properties into appropriate movements of arm, finger and wrist is achieved by separated
parieto-frontal pathways controlling the different body segments
→ Existence of different separate pathways within dorsal system
, → reaching (V6a → PMd)
→ Grasping (CIP → AIP → PMv)
→ two anatomically segregated subcircuits of the dorsal stream might mediate different
behavioral goals as well:
→ the dorso-dorsal pathway concerned with the control of action ‘online’ (while the action
is ongoing)
→ the ventral–dorsal pathway for space perception and ‘action understanding’ (the
recognition of actions made by others)
→ clear evidence of crosstalk between streams
→ most connections from the ventral stream reach the ventral part of the dorsal stream,
the ventro-dorsal substream
→ interface between the ventral and the dorsal streams of visual information
processing. This way of information exchange between the streams is especially
interesting in the context of interaction with objects. It is very likely that both the
dorsal and ventral streams are likely to process the same set of visual attributes, but
for different behavioral goals
Object processing in the dorso-dorsal stream
→ dorso-dorsal stream is the most direct (immediate) visual pathway for action.
,→ reaching towards targets with various locations in space and presented through a mirror
preferentially engages areas in the dorso-dorsal stream
Lesions → optic ataxia (OA) (misreaching of targets)
→ specificity of the superior parietal region and the parieto-occipital junction for direct
goal-directed visuo-motor transformations involving short-lived processes
→ The reach and grasp components constitute a first possible factor of dissociation
between the dorso-dorsal and ventro-dorsal streams
→ e double-dissociation between reaching and grasping deficits has not yet been
described, and most OA patients exhibit deficits on the grasp components as well
as misreaching with a posterior parietal (PPC) lesion sparing aIPS
→ possibly → combined reach and grasp activities found in the POS
and/or to the close localization of area cIPS (caudal part of the intraparietal
sulcus) with respect to the lesion site revealed for misreaching
→ shown to process information about the spatial orientation of objects
(and maybe also other spatial features of objects), which is then forwarded
to aIPS. Information in aIPS may be processed to prepare adequate actions
on these object
→ inaccurate reaching may occur with either or both hands, in one or both peripheral
hemispaces
→ four bilateral parietal foci, with the two relatively posterior foci showing greater
lateralization for contralateral visual stimulation than more anterior ones
→ organized along a postero-anterior gradient of visual-to-somatic information
integration. Furthermore, from the combination of imaging and lesion data we
inferred that a lesion of the three most posterior foci responsible for target-hand
integration could explain the hand and field effects revealed in OA reaching behavior
Object processing in the ventro-dorsal stream
→ ventro-dorsal stream appears to underlie processing of sensorimotor information based
upon longer-term object use representations
→ Lesions of the ventro-dorsal stream produce impairments to more overtly ‘‘cognitive’’
aspects of action representation requiring knowledge of skilled object use, including
pantomime of object use and use of real objects.
Conclusion
, Two parallel streams in the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes process distinct aspects of
object information relevant for action. The dorso-dorsal system, which we have here
characterized as the ‘‘Grasp’’ system, processes structural characteristics of particular
exemplars of currently-viewed objects (e.g., shape, size, and orientation) for the purposes
of prehensile actions. The ventro-dorsal stream, which we characterize as the ‘‘Use’’
system, is concerned with long-term storage of the particular skilled actions associated
with familiar objects. Typical everyday actions require precise coordination between the
systems.
Motor Planning
Aaron L. Wong1, Adrian M. Haith1, and John W. Krakauer1,2
→ All actions revolve around a motor goal, which is an object, location, or motion pattern
(e.g., a figure-eight shape) that is selected as the desired outcome of a movement
→ e control of movements is fundamentally about making decisions: deciding upon
the motor goal, and deciding how to achieve it
Six critical processes →
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