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Samenvatting probleem 1-8
International & European Union Law
Samenvatting van de leerdoelen 1-4 (International Law) en 5-8 European
Union Lawartikelen
relevante en alle uit Cases and
Materials.
Een overzicht van de (meeste) web lectures ontbreekt, maar hier zijn evt.
twee links naar van alle web
samenvattingen
lectures:
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Inhoudsopgave
Problem 1 – International law........................................................................................................................4
LO 1: what is (internal and external) self-determination and what are the conditions thereof?........................4
LO 2: is a deceleration of independence lawful under international law?...........................................................5
LO 3: is a secession lawful under international law?...........................................................................................5
LO 4: in which way is succession of rights and duties of (new) states arranged?................................................5
Breakout
assignment.......................................................................................................................................6
Problem 2...................................................................................................................................................... 7
LO 1: what is customary international law?........................................................................................................7
LO 2: what is the relationship between treaty and custom?...............................................................................8
LO 3: how should a treaty be
interpreted?...........................................................................................................9 The Case of the S.S.
Lotus (lotus case)..........................................................................................................10
North Sea Continental Shelf..........................................................................................................................10
Military and Para Military Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua case)..........................................11
The legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons (nuclear weapons case)............................................12
Problem 3.................................................................................................................................................... 13
LO 1: how is the responsibility of states regulated in international law?..........................................................13
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LO 2: are there ways to preclude the wrongfulness of an act/omission?..........................................................15
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua)...................................................16
Tehran Hostages............................................................................................................................................17
Prosecuter v. Dusko Tadic..............................................................................................................................17
Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide....................18
Problem 4.................................................................................................................................................... 19
LO 1: under which conditions does international law allows the use of force by states?..................................19
LO 2: who has access to the international court of justice and under which conditions may actors have access
to the
ICJ?...........................................................................................................................................................20
Case Armed activities on the territory of the Congo.....................................................................................22
Case Nicaragua..............................................................................................................................................22
Problem 5.................................................................................................................................................... 23
LO 1: how is the European Parliament composed and how are its members elected?.....................................23
LO 2: how is the council of the EU
composed?...................................................................................................23
LO 3: how is the European Commission composed and how are its members selected, appointed or elected?
...........................................................................................................................................................................2
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LO 4: what are the main functions and powers of those three EU institutions?...............................................25
Practice
assignment:......................................................................................................................................26
Problem 6.................................................................................................................................................... 27
LO 1: which are the EU legislative procedures?.................................................................................................27
LO 2: How, based on what procedure, can private parties, challenge an EU act trough their national court. .28
Case 283/81
Cilfit...........................................................................................................................................30
Case K 漃 b ࠀ ler....................................................................................................................................................31
LO 3: are national courts allowed to nullify EU legislation?..............................................................................31
Case 314/85 Foto
Frost..................................................................................................................................31 Problem
7.................................................................................................................................................... 33
LO 1: when is the EU competent to act? What are the categories of competences of the EU?........................33
LO 2: what is the principle of conferral?............................................................................................................34
LO 3: what is the meaning of the principle of subsidiarity?...............................................................................34
LO 4: what entails the principle of proportionality?..........................................................................................35
ERTA Case 22-70 (Annulment Procedure, 31 March 1971) (international law case)....................................36
Tobacco Advertising I Case C-376/98 (Annulment Procedure, 5 October 2000)..........................................37
Problem 8.................................................................................................................................................... 38
LO 1: what is the principle of primacy of EU law?.............................................................................................38
LO 2: what is direct effect? And do EU primary law and general principles of EU law have direct effect?.......39
LO 3: how does secondary law have direct effect in the national legal order?.................................................40
Case Law - Van Gend & Loos (Direct Effect of EU law)..................................................................................42
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Case Law - Costa v. ENEL (Principle of Supremacy).......................................................................................42
Case Law - Simmenthal (Principle of Supremacy).........................................................................................43
Case Law - Mangold (Direct Effect of EU law)...............................................................................................43
Case Law - Inter-Environnement Wallonie (Direct Effect of EU law).............................................................44
Case Law - Marshall (Direct Effect of EU law)................................................................................................44
Case Law - Faccini Dori (State Liability).........................................................................................................45
Case Law - Marleasing (Direct Effect of EU law)...........................................................................................45
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Problem 1: self-determination
Learning objectives
1. What is (internal and external) self-determination and what are the conditions thereof?
2. Is a declaration of independence lawful under international law?
3. Is secession lawful under international law?
4. In which way is the succession of rights and duties of (new) states arranged?
LO 1: what is (internal and external) self-determination and what are the conditions
thereof?
The right to self-determination (zelfbeschikking, recht op eigen keuzes en zelfstandigheid)
demands that all people have a right to freely determine their political status and pursue their
economic, social and cultural development.
- This did not emerge as a fundamental principle of international law until the
decolonization process after the end of the Second World War.
- It is an essential principle of international law with an erga omnes character the
rights and obligations apply to everyone.
- This principle is found in for example in art. 1 of the UN Charter (=handvest, beschrijft
burgerrechten) and resolutions (=besluiten) from the General Assembly (=Algemene
vergadering).
- The most controversial aspect of the right to self-determination concerns the extent
to which it gives a section of a population a right to secede (afscheiden) from an existing state
in the absence of acceptance by the government of the ‘mother-state’ (=staat waarvan een
deel van de bevolking probeert zich af te scheiden).
- It is preferable that people chase their right to self-determination within the existing
state because of predictability and global stability.
There is a distinguishment between an internal and an external right to self-determination
- Internal self-determination/autonomy (autonomie=recht om zelf te bepalen wat je doet)
people pursue their political, economic, social and cultural development within the
framework of an existing state. (for example Friesland)
- External self-determination/right to statehood (=soevereiniteit, onafhankelijkheid) entitles
to create an own independent state (option of seceding) and arises only in the most extreme
of cases. Two cases in which this is permitted:
o People who are colonized
o Others who are subject to alien subjugation (onderwerping), domination or
exploitation
Self-determination and statehood
- An affirmed right to external self-determination needn’t lead to a claim for secession
(afscheiding) People with a right to statehood may well decide that their interests as
people are presently best served by remaining withing an existing state.
- International law does not prevent a ‘mother-state’ from consenting to the secession
of part of its territory.
- In the 1960s and 1970s, former colonies successfully separated and became an independent
state. But later the relationship between the right to self-determination and statehood
resurfaced. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) (=Internationaal Gerechtshof) decided that
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