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Appendix A from the Management Course

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Appendix A from the Management CLass from year I Business Economics that was due to self-study. Notes completed with the class recording

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Appendix A
Type self-study

This document provides an overview of the history of management, starting from ancient times
to contemporary approaches. It covers topics such as systematic management, scientific
management, bureaucracy, administrative management, human relations, quantitative
Description management, organizational behavior, systems theory, and the contingency perspective. The
document highlights key concepts and influences of each approach and their criticisms. It
concludes by mentioning the future focus on quantitative management and reinforcing the HR
approach.

Reviewed

Management is of all times:

back for 1000 years, the Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Venetians were involved in planning, organising,
leading and controlling

they didn’t have a real structure, but rather a trial-and-error base

Industrial revolution (18th C) and new challenges → brought new challenges

Late 19th Century, first management and business education




Early Management Concepts and Influences
The Industrial Revolution: (I) 1760-1840 and (II) 1870-1914
⇒ New manufacturing processes (Steam power, chemicals, machine tools, iron blast furnaces, mechanised
weaving), electrical power, gas and water supply




Appendix A 1

, ⇒ Communication and transportation (telegraph, railways)

Growth of business

Increased quality and quantity

From mills to factories:

from small-scale to mass production

Economies of scale → lower the costs of production

⇒ Intense and systematic thought about the problems and issues of efficiency, production processes and
cost-savings → the core of management thinking at the time



Classical Approaches
Mid 19th C through early 1940s:

Systematic management approach

19th C problems in manufacturing despite the advantages brought by the Industrial Revolution

coordination problems, chaos → breakdowns of production processes

response from the systematic management by:

building specific procedures and processes

emphasising efficient operations and processes, adequate staffing, management of inventories,
organisational control

Goals achieved:

definition of duties and responsibilites

standardised techniques for performing duties and responsibilities

means for gathering, transmitting, analysing information:

cost accounting, payroll administration, and production control systems to facilitate internal
coordination and communication

numbers are becoming a very important element

emphasis on internal operations, on things rather than people → to meet the explosive growth in
demand resulting from the Industrial Revolution



Scientific management (end of 19th C)

Weaknesses of the systematic management approach observed by Frederick Taylor:

Poor production and pay

Inefficiency and waste due to unused potential

Large differences in methods and the ways management decisions were made

No scientific approach in determining the best production mode

response:

Taylorism = answered the question “how to complete production tasks efficiently and increase
productivity?” through the application of scientific methods in analysing work, and in controlling
and managing production

Key: analysing of the task, and through thinking of the best approach to executing the task



Four key principles:




Appendix A 2

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