This document provides an elaborate summary of Problem 4 articles. 8 articles are summarized, the authors are: Howell et al. (2006), Steel and Piers (2007), Steel (2010), Tice and Baumeister (1997), Armitage (2016), Kroese & Ridder (2002), Milne et al. (2002), Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006).
Part 1
Academic procrastination: The pattern and correlates of behavioral postponement -
Howell, Watson, Powell, Buro
Introduction
Procrastination: Delaying crucial tasks or delaying them to the point of discomfort. Failure of
self-regulation. Few studies examine procrastination's dynamic nature over time.
The “Nomological Network” of Procrastination
● The hyperbolic pattern of postponement: It is seen as a facet of procrastination rooted
in self-regulation failure. Procrastinators struggle more o resist immediate temptations
when the rewards lie in the distant future. It's the tendency to prioritize immediate
rewards or distractions over long-term benefits, which contributes to delaying tasks.
● Temporal Discounting: The perceived value of future rewards decreases as the delay to
attain them increases. In the context of procrastination, this manifests as a difficulty in
resisting immediate temptations despite understanding the remote advantages of
academic preparation. You don’t see the benefit when the reward is far away.
● Say-Do Correspondence: The consistency between what individuals plan and what
they actually do is crucial for self-regulation development.
● Implementation Intentions: Creating specific plans regarding when, where, and how to
achieve goals has shown to improve academic performance.
● Perceived Academic Control: Beliefs about personal influence over academic success
impact task initiation.
The Current Study: Investigates the hyperbolic pattern in the submission of computer-based
course assignments to understand postponement. The predictions are; acceleration in
assignment submissions as the deadline nears, especially among self-reported procrastinators.
Positive correlations between implementation intentions, say-do correspondence, perceived
academic control, and negative correlations with self-reported procrastination and behavioral
postponement.
Method
Participants: 95 psychology students, college at a university-studies level, mostly female.
Materials: The scales they used were Procrastination Assessment Scale – Students (PASS),
Procrastination Scale (Tuckman, 1991), Perceived Academic Control measure (Perry et al.,
2001), Self-reported assignment procrastination, Implementation intentions, Say-do
correspondence.
Procedure: Exact submission times before the midnight deadline were recorded for each
assignment. Assignments submitted past the deadline were recorded as '0'.
Results
, Pattern of Assignment Submission: Majority of students submitted assignments close to the
deadline across all seven assignments. An increase in submissions approximately a day before
the deadline + Accelerated increase in submissions as the deadline approached. Students with
high self-reported procrastination showed a stronger correlation with the hyperbolic function
than those reporting lower procrastination. Among high procrastinators, the function
accounted for 93.8% of submission frequency variance.
Descriptive Statistics and Inter-Correlations Among Measures: No correlation between age and
the listed variables. Women scored higher in implementation intentions. Self-report measures
of procrastination correlated with each other and with behavioral postponement measures.
Inverse correlation between self-reported procrastination and say-do correspondence.
Procrastination Scale scores inversely correlated with implementation intentions.
Implementation intentions positively correlated with say-do correspondence. Inverse
correlation between self-reported assignment procrastination and grades; Perceived Academic
Control positively associated with grades.
Discussion
Assignment Submissions: Majority delayed submissions close to deadlines. Hyperbolic pattern
observed (the tendency for the rate of submissions to accelerate as the deadline approaches),
resembling prior studies. Strongest among self-reported procrastinators. No correlation found
with grades, possibly due to specific vs. generalized assessment.
The Nomological Network of Procrastination: Self-report measures correlated and linked to
behavioral postponement. Self-reported procrastination inversely related to say-do
correspondence. Say-do correspondence associated with conscientiousness. Implementation
intentions showed no consistent relation to procrastination. Perceived academic control
correlated with grades but not consistently with procrastination or self-regulation. Perceived
control might not prevent procrastination despite self-responsibility for success.
Limitations and Future Directions:
● Sample Limitations: First-year undergraduates may not represent all age groups.
Majority female participants may skew overall findings. Enrollment in a single course
limits broader applicability.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper eceertrk. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €13,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
