bond - obligation by the defendant (can be financial or non financial)
due process of law - fifth and fourteenth amendments; "no person shall be deprived of life,
liberty, or property, without the due process of law"
presumption of innocence - principle a person may not be treated as a convicte...
NAPSA UPDATED Exam Questions and CORREC T Answers bond - ✔✔✔obligation by the defendant (can be financial or non financial) due process of law - ✔✔✔fifth and fourteenth amendments; "no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without the due process of law" presumption of innocence - ✔✔✔principle a person may not be treated as a convicted offender unless the government proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, without any burden placed on the defendant to prove innocence right to bail - ✔✔✔right to be released from jail or other government custody through the bail process - not a federal constitutional right, but one conferred by the government through statute Equal Protection - ✔✔✔generally refers to protecting individuals from laws that treat people unequally pursuant to the right guaranteed by the first amendment constitutional law - ✔✔✔body of law typically found in the US or state constitutions, and in court cases interpreting constitutional provisions statutory law - ✔✔✔laws passed by the legislature of the jurisdiction and signed by the chief executive. example: Federal Bail Reform Act of 1984 case law - ✔✔✔aka common law. law that includes rulings by courts creating laws and precedent, which, under a doctrine called stare decisis, requires certain other courts to abide by the earlier decision. court rules - ✔✔✔enacted by the highest court in the jurisdiction to govern procedure and business of the courts Magna Carta - ✔✔✔1215; document that proclaimed even the King is not above the law. "no free man shall be captured or imprisoned except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land." Statute of Westminster - ✔✔✔1275; limited the sheriffs' discretion by listing the which offenses should and should not be afforded bail Darnel's Case - ✔✔✔When Darnel and four of his fellow knights refused to provide a loan to the king, the five knights were arrested and imprisoned. While the Statute of Westminster clearly dictated which charges were bailable, the king detained the knights on no charge, effe ctively circumventing the statute. Petition of Right - ✔✔✔prohibited courts from detaining defendants without formally charging them (result of Darnel's case) Habeus Corpus Act - ✔✔✔1679; established procedures to challenge unlawful detention and to prevent long delays before a bail hearing was held. English Bill of Rights - ✔✔✔1689; "excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases, to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subject" -- prevented detainment by high monetary bonds being unfairly set Virginia's Bill of Rights - ✔✔✔1776; included a provision forbidding excessive bail 8th amendment - ✔✔✔"excessive bail shall not be required" Judiciary Act of 1789 - ✔✔✔Statute enacted to establish federal judiciary and statutory right to bail in all but capital cases
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