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D391 HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEMS (UNITED STATES MEDICAL LICENSING)EXAM SOLVED #10
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D391 HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEMS (UNITED STATES MEDICAL LICENSING)EXAM SOLVED #10
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D391 HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEMS (UNITED STATES MEDICAL LICENSING)EXAMSOLVED #10
1. Patient safety organizations (psos): made up of external experts, to collect, aggregate, and
analyze safety information reported by providers
2. What is the healthcare ecosystem?: The whole structure that supports health- care provision to
members of society
3. Healthcare ecosystem: a system composed of elements that create a commu- nity
4. 5 Ps of the US healthcare system: Patients Providers
Professional administrators
Policymakers
Payers
5. Patients: The clients and people receiving services
6. Providers: Doctors, nurses, physician assistants
7. Professional administrators: Directors, board members, and consultants
8. Policymakers: Local state and federal regulatory agencies
9. Payers: Insurance companies, state and federal healthcare
10.3 primary purposes of the healthcare system: Affordability Access
Quality
11.Healthcare system: an organization of individuals, institutions, and resources that deliver
services to clients
12.Stakeholders: a group of people with a common interest, especially in a busi- ness
13. How do the elements of the healthcare ecosystem work together?: - Health- care ecosystems
are made up of a variety of individuals, organizations, assets, and activities.
- To safeguard the public's health, U.S. health agencies create legislation.
- The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services manages Americans' health issues and
concerns and leads programs to advance medical research and public health.
- A key component of quality improvement in healthcare is monitoring, evaluating, and raising
standards for high-quality treatment.
14.What roles do health and human services workers have within the U.S. healthcare ecosystem?:
Health and human services include a wide range of professions that support people, such as
health administrators, social workers, care coordinators, public health educators, public
administrators, and social services administrators.
15.What are the fundamental components of a healthcare system?: Organiza- tion, funding, and
delivery
,D391 HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEMS (UNITED STATES MEDICAL LICENSING)EXAM
SOLVED #10
16.What is an example of an advanced practice professional?: A nurse practi- tioner
17.Where do patients find healthcare services to fit their needs?: Emergency department,
freestanding emergency department, urgent care center, FQHC, retail clinic, worksite clinic,
email, online, mobile, remote monitoring, etc
18.5 types of healthcare services: health promotion disease
prevention
Diagnosis and treatment
rehabilitation
Chronic care
19.Health promotion services: Education to help clients reduce the risk of illness, maintain
optimal function, and follow healthy lifestyles through a wide variety of assistance and
activities.
20.Disease prevention services: Public health programs designed to reduce the risk of injury or
illness in the workplace or for the general public.
21.Diagnosis and treatment of illness: Identifying and treating injury or disease
22.Ambulatory care: Health care provided outside of institutional settings
23.Rehabilitation: The restoration of a person to normal or near-normal function after a
physical or mental illness, including chemical addiction
24.Chronic care: ongoing care for a chronic health condition
25.Healthcare facilities: the places where people involved in the healthcare indus- try work
26.Almshouses: Facilities that provided care for the disabled or ill in the 1700s, before
hospitals were established
27.Social Security Act of 1965: Established Medicaid, health insurance for low-in- come
individuals, and Medicare, health insurance for the disabled in those 65 years of age and older.
28.3 major forces affecting the development of hospitals: 1) advances in med- ical education, with
predominant use of scientific theory and standardization of academic training for physicians
2) Advances in medical education, with predominant use of scientific theory and
standardization of academic training for physicians
3) Transformation of nursing into a profession by requiring training in caring for the wounded
and ill, cleanliness and sanitation procedures, dietary instruction, and simple organized care
29.3 methods that the hospital industry is categorized: - function or type of service provided
- Length of stay
- Ownership or source of financial support
,D391 HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEMS (UNITED STATES MEDICAL LICENSING)EXAM
SOLVED #10
30.Community hospitals: short-term general and specialty hospitals
31.Hospital system: Organization that includes more than one hospital or one hospital plus
other healthcare organizations such as skilled nursing facilities.
32.Network: a group of hospitals, physicians, and other providers such as physical therapists or
mental health workers, insurers, and other community agencies that work together to
coordinate and deliver a broad spectrum of services within a town or geographic region; Group
of hospitals, physicians, and other healthcare providers as well as insurers and community
agencies that deliver health services within a geographic area.
33.Essential hospitals and health systems: Facilities that provide health care to vulnerable
populations with limited or no access to health care because of finances, insurance status, or
health condition.
34.The Civilian Health and Program the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA): Program that
provides health care for family members of disabled or deceased member of the military
services.
35.TRICARE: a managed healthcare program sponsored by the dod for active duty retired
members the armed-services, families, and survivors, as well as military retirees and spouses of
veterans killed in action
36.IHS: provides health services to 2.2 million American Indians (AI) and Alaska Natives (AN)
who are members of 566 federally recognized tribes
37.Why is cultural competence important in health services?: Because clients' values and
preferences will be respected
38.Which of the following is a component of the Quadruple Aim of health- care?: It aims to
improve the overall health of a given population
39.A client has health problems related to being overweight. This client has received nutritional
counseling but is on a fixed income and shops at a food pantry with limited food selection. Which
type of disparity is this client experiencing?: Access to social needs
40.A 70-year-old client has been experiencing chest pain for the past hour. Which facility should
the client visit?: Emergency medical center
41.A client is terminally ill and has a life expectancy of two months. Which facility should the
client visit?: A hospice
42.What roles do health providers play in the healthcare ecosystem?: - health and human services
workers
- Doctors, mid-level providers, nurses
- Therapists (occupational & physical)
- Mental health providers
- Diagnostic/lab techs
, D391 HEALTHCARE ECOSYSTEMS (UNITED STATES MEDICAL LICENSING)EXAM
SOLVED #10
43.Provider: a person or institution that performs a service; for example, a health- care worker
performs health services.
44.Why are institutional providers necessary in the healthcare ecosystem?-
: They are facilities that provide health services to clients like hospitals, post-acute short- and
long-term care facilities, and primary care facilities.
45.A client has a runny nose and headache. Which healthcare provider does he need to see?:
Primary care physician
46.A 75-year-old client who is recovering from knee surgery is ready to be discharged but is not yet
ready to return home to resume independent living. Which type of facility is appropriate for this
client's needs?: A post-acute short-term care facility
47.How do healthcare producers impact the purposes of the healthcare ecosystem?: The impact of
their work on the healthcare ecosystem determines the health system's survival.
48.Healthcare producers: diverse individuals with various skills and knowledge who provide
services to patients
49.How do costs impact products and producers?: costs affect barriers to entry and the ability to
find buyers of products
50.Conventional medical devices: are products that are easy to manufacture with relatively
few barriers for entry for new companies and relatively little product differentiation (e.g., an IV
pole)
51.High technology medical devices: require significant investment in research and
development to design, often resulting in patents, and greater regulatory scruti- ny from the
FDA (e.g., a pacemaker, surgical instruments and implants)
52.Class I medical devices: low risk devices such as hand-held surgical instru- ments and
ultrasonic cleaners; subject to "general controls" but most exempt from pre-market notification
approval (501k)
53.Class II medical devices: considered to pose potential risks great enough to warrant
higher regulation; includes more sterilization equipment and chemical indicators; 501k
required
54.Class III medical devices: high risk devices such as implants, heart valves, pacemakers,
etc.; 501k required; subject to high performance standards and post-market surveillance
55.Pre-amendment devices: Refer to devices legally marketed in the United States by a firm
before May 28, 1976 and which have not been (1) significantly changed or modified since then;
and (2) for which a regulation requiring premarket approval application has not been published
by FDA. These devices are also referred to as "grandfathered" devices and do not require
regulatory submission (510(k) application).
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