Arizona State University BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed
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Arizona State University BIO 202
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Arizona State University BIO 202
Questions and Answers Already Passed
About how much of your body weight is blood? ~8%
define diastolic pressure. lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest
Define Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). pressure that propels blood to tissues
define pulse pressure. difference between systolic a...
Arizona State University BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed About how much of your body weight is blood? ✔✔~8% defin e diastolic pressure. ✔✔lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest Define Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). ✔✔pressure that propels blood to tissues define pulse pressure. ✔✔difference between systolic and diastolic pressure Define systolic pressure. ✔✔pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction Describe a granulocyte. ✔✔larger and shorter -lived than RBCs; contain lobed, rather than circular nuclei; cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright's stain; all are phagocytic to some degree Describe a neutrophil. ✔✔most numerous WBCs; twice the size of RBCs; stain with acid and basic dyes; contain either hydrolytic enzymes or antimicrobial proteins; aka polymorphonuclear leukocytes because nucleus is lobular; v ery phagocytic; defense granules merge with phagosome Describe basophils. ✔✔rarest WBCs (.5 - 1%) of leukocytes; nucleus deep purple with one to two constrictions; large purplish black (basophilic) granules contain histamine; are functionally to mast cell s Describe eosinophils. ✔✔account for 2 -4% of all leukocytes; nucleus has two lobes connected by a broad band; red -staining granules contain digestive enzymes; PLAY A ROLE IN ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA as well as immune response modulators Describe infectious mononucleosis. ✔✔highly contagious viral disease; caused by Epstein -barr virus; results in high numbers of typical arganulocytes; runs course with rest in 4 -6 weeks Describe leukemia. ✔✔cancerous condition involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs; named according to abnormal WBC clone involved; without tx, all leukemias fatal; immature nonfunctional WBCs flood bloodstream; cancerous cells fill red bone marrow, crowding out other cell lines; death is usually from internal hemorrhage or overwhelming infecti ons; tx: irradiation, antileukemic drugs, stem cell transplants Describe lymphocytes. ✔✔second most numerous WBC, accounts for 25%; large, dark purple, circular nuclei with thin rim or blue cytoplasm; mostly found in lymphoid tissue, but a few circulate i n blood; crucial to immunity Describe monocytes. ✔✔largest of all leukocytes; 3 -8% of all WBCs; abundant pale blue cytoplasm; dark purple -staining, U shaped nuclei; leave circulation, enter tissues and differentiate into macrophages; activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response How do the nervous system and endocrine system regulate each other? ✔✔neurons trigger hormone secretion; hormones stimulate or inhibit neurons How does afterload affect SV? ✔✔hypertension increases afterload, resulting in incr eased ESV and reduced SV How does contractility affect SV? ✔✔increased contractility lowers ESV by increased positive inotropic agents How does preload affect SV? ✔✔increased preload = increased contraction strength How does the physiology of skeletal and cardiac muscle differ? ✔✔-Heart contracts as a unit -Influx of calcium from extracellular fluid triggers calcium release from SR (skeletal muscles do not use extracelluar calcium) -tetanic contractions cannot occur i n cardiac muscles -the heart relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration Regulation of endocrine hormone action? ✔✔hormones, direct nerve input, environment within the body T or F: Equal volumes of blood are pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits ✔✔TRUE The balance between RBC production and destruction depends on...? ✔✔hormonal controls and dietary requirements What antibodies (agglutinins) does type A blood have? ✔✔anti-B What antibodies (agglutinins) does type AB blood have? ✔✔none (universa l recipient)
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