Chapter 3 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics Exam Questions With Verified Answers.
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Chapter 3 Recombinant DNA
Technology and Genomics Exam
Questions With Verified Answers.
Stone-age genomics - answera number of laboratories around the world are involved in
analyzing "ancient" DNA. These studies are generating fascinating data from miniscule amounts
of ancient DNA from bone an...
Chapter 3 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics Exam Questions With Verified Answers. Stone-age genomics - answer✔✔a number of laboratories around the world are involved in analyzing "ancient" DNA. These studies are generating fascin ating data from miniscule amounts of ancient DNA from bone and other tissues and fossil samples that are tens of thousands of years old. bacteriophage - answer✔✔a virus that is parasitic in bacteria origins of replication - answer✔✔specific locations in a DNA molecule where DNA replication begins vector - answer✔✔DNA (or viruses) that can be used to carry and replicate other pieces of DNA in molecular biology experiments; for example, plasmid DNA, viruses used for gene therapy; also refers to organisms that carry disease autoradiography - answer✔✔technique that uses film to detect radioactive or light -releasing compounds (such as DNA probe) in cells, tissues, or blots; produces photographic film image called an autoradiogram or autoradiograph gene cloning - answer✔✔the process of producing multiple copies of a gene hybridization - answer✔✔the joining of two DNA strands by complementary base pairing; for instance, binding of a single -stranded DNA probe to another DNA molecule restriction enzymes (endonucleases ) - answer✔✔DNA -cutting proteins found primarily in bacteria. Enzymes cleave (cut) the phosphodiester backbone of double -stranded DNA at specific nucleotide sequences (restriction sites). Commercially available restriction enzymes are essential for molecul ar biology experiments. short interfering RNA (siRNA) - answer✔✔Small (21 or 22 nt) double -stranded pieces of nonprotein coding RNA, so named because they were shown to bind to mRNA and subsequently block or interfere with translation of bound mRNAs. real-time or quantitative PCR (qPCR) - answer✔✔New applications in PCR technology make it possible to determine the amount of PCR product made during an experiment. Uses primers made with fluorescent dyes and specialized thermal cyclers that enable researchers to quantify amplification reactions as they occur. denaturation - answer✔✔A process that involves using high heat or chemical treatment to break hydrogen bonds in DNA or RNA molecules to separate complementary base pairs and create single -stranded molecule s; also refers to the act of changing protein structure (through heat or chemical treatment). diabetes mellitus - answer✔✔A condition of elevated blood sugar. There are several different forms of diabetes. In some people (type 1 or insulin -dependent diabet es mellitus), the hormone insulin is missing. bioinformaticists - answer✔✔Scientists specializing in the bioinformatics. substrate - answer✔✔molecule or molecules on which an enzyme performs a reaction dideoxyribonucleotide (ddNTP) - answer✔✔modified nucle otide. A ddNTP differs from a normal deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) because it has a hydrogen group attached to the 3' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar instead of a hydroxyl group --OH. DNA library - answer✔✔see genomic DNA library or complementary (cDNA) librar y. selection (antibiotic, blue -white screening) - answer✔✔Laboratory technique used to identify bacteria containing recombinant DNA of interest; involves growing bacteria on media with antibiotic or other selection molecules. gene - answer✔✔A specific sequ ence of DNA nucleotides that serves as a unit of inheritance. Genes govern visible and invisible characteristics (traits) of living organisms in large part by directing the synthesis of proteins in a cell. accession number - answer✔✔Unique identifying letter and number code assigned to every cloned DNA sequence that is catalogued in databases such as GenBank (for example, BC009971 is the accession number for one of the human keratin genes, which produces a p rotein that is a major component of skin and hair cells). The accession number for any sequence can be used by scientists around the world to retrieve database information on that particular sequence. lysis - answer✔✔The dissolution or destruction of cells . bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) - answer✔✔Large circular vectors that can replicate very large pieces of DNA; used to clone pieces of human chromosomes for the Human Genome Project. probe - answer✔✔Single -stranded DNA or RNA molecule (labeled, fo r instance, with radioactive or fluorescing nucleotides) that can bind other DNA or RNA sequences by complementary base pairing and be detected by a process such as autoradiography; important laboratory technique for such applications as identifying genes and studying gene activity. Northern blot analysis - answer✔✔Laboratory technique for separating RNA molecules by gel electrophoresis and transferring (blotting) RNA onto a filter paper blot for use in hybridization studies.
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