Samenvatting
International Public Health: full summary (Lecture 1 to 12)
Full summary of the lectures (1-12) of International Public Health (Internationale Volksgezondheid)
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 60 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 60 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
International Public HealthHC1: Introduc.on
History of public health
1750-1850
• Industrial Revolu0on: bad working condi4ons and environmental pollu4on
• Urbaniza0on: unhygienic living condi4ons in ci4es
• Epidemics: infec4ous diseases (cholera, smallpox, TB, etc.) à high infant mortality
• Start formal public health policy: improvement of water supply, sanita4on, sewerage
1850-1900
• First interna4onal mee4ng on public health problems (1851): coopera4on
• Increase in knowledge about infec4ous diseases (cause, transmission)
• Insight into possible interven4on strategies: start targeted programs
1900-1945
• Decrease in (child) mortality
• An4bio4cs and medica4ons
• Start of academic training in health sciences
• First interna4onal organiza4on: Health Organiza0on of the League of Na0ons
(Geneva, 1920)
• Crea4on of charity organiza4ons (Rockefeller Founda4on)
1945-1980
• Establishment of the UN (WHO and UNICEF as public mandate)
• Interven4on strategies:
o Family planning
o Infec4ous diseases:
§ 1974: EPI (Expanded Program on Immuniza0on)
§ 1966-1980: Smallpox eradica4on
• PHC (Primary Health Care): Alma Ata Conference (1978)
• Research programs on emerging diseases
1980-1990
• The World Bank and IMF (UN organiza4ons) become important
• Economic crisis àhealth reforms
• Increasing role of NGO’s (non-governmental organiza0ons) in health services
• Focus on non-communicable diseases
• UNICEF’s campaign for child survival: GOBI FFF
o Growth monitoring, Oral rehydra4on, Breas]eeding, Immuniza4on
o Sexual health (Female) educa4on, Family spacing, Food supplements
• HIV/AIDS epidemic and establishment UNAIDS
,1990-2010
• Focus on cost-effec0veness
• PPP (Public/private partnership)
• A`en4on to CBPR (Community-Based Par0cipatory Research) and Transdisciplinarity
• More a`en4on to other health issues: chronic diseases, gun violence, injuries, etc.
2010-now
• Pandemic Preparedness
• Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
• Mental health, global surgery, etc.
Global health
Global health = “Health is influenced by social/structural forces; addressing roots of illness
(poverty, inequality, environmental degrada>on) requires social change.”
- Health problems that transcend na4onal boundaries: coopera4ve ac4ons necessary
- Focused on improving the health of en4re popula4on
- Specific a`en4on to social jus0ce (low/middle-income countries: high
morbidity/mortality, health system func4ons fragile)
- Focused on delivering health services that are: Accessible, Affordable, Appropriate,
Acceptable and with Good Quality.
Sustainable Development Goals
,Transdisciplinary Global Health
- Acknowledges complexity of health issues (climate change, pandemics, etc.)
- Transdisciplinarity = engagement of mul4ple stakeholders to address complex
societal challenges.
Key concepts:
• Power imbalance: ‘Global North’ and ‘Global South’
• Knowledge co-crea0on: Who’s knowledge is considered valid?
• Subjec0ve illness experiences: Whose experiences are considered valuable?
• Health inequity and social jus4ce: Who is deserving of care?
• Health systems: Why do health infrastructures vary within and between countries?
• Global poli0cs: How is popula>on health affected by fluctua>ng poli>cal climates?
, HC 2: Social Determinants of Health
Determinants
Causality results from the interplay of several factors (determinants)
- Determinant = influence, factor, (poten4al) cause
Progress
Determinants of health:
• Physical environment
• Medical care
• Gene4cs and biology
• Social circumstances (24%)
• Individual behaviour
à Determinants (= a pa`ern of interac4on between system elements) affect the health
outcome, and the impact depends on the societal system.
Social Determinants of Health
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) = condi4ons in which people born, grow, work, age
- Shaped by distribu4on of money, power, resources at global, na4onal and local levels.
à “Societal systems, their components, and the social resources and hazards for health that
societal systems control and distribute, allocate and withhold, such that the demographic
distribu>on or trend of health outcomes is changed” (Hahn, 2021)
A lot of things are social determinants (age, previous infec4on, rank, etc.)
- Not symbol systems (alphabet) or geographic varia4on in soil composi4on
Social Gradient
Social gradient = phenomenon whereby people who are less advantaged in terms of SEP
have worse health (and shorter lives).
a) Thresholds for na4onal income per capita à low, middle or high-income country
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper ellemijn111. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,16. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 75759 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen