NR 546 Week 8 Neurotransmitter
Table/NR546 week 8.
By lw
10 early warning signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS--
memory loss
-challenges in planning or solving problems
-trouble understanding visual and spatial relationships
-difficulty completing familiar tasks
-dis...
NR 546 Week 8 Neurotransmitter
Table/NR546 week 8.
By lw
10 early warning signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS--
memory loss
-challenges in planning or solving problems
-trouble understanding visual and spatial relationships
-difficulty completing familiar tasks
-disorientation
-problems with word finding
-misplacing things
-impaired judgment
-social withdrawal
-changes in mood
A client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease has decided to stop treatment. The nurse
practitioner (NP) has educated the client that medication discontinuation will result in the
return of cognitive symptoms and the medication may not work as well if restarted. The
client would still like to stop the medication due to the gastrointestinal side effects.
Which of the following medications requires tapering?
rivastigmine
donepezil
galantamine - CORRECT ANSWERS-donepezil
AD meds: Lifespan Considerations - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cholinesterase inhibitors
are not recommended in pregnancy and lactation
AD: Treating Psychiatric and Behavioral Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-first-line
pharmacologic treatment of aggression and agitation in dementia is SSRI/SNRI therapy.
-often treated with antipsychotic medication
binding at the receptor site.
• not FDA approved for dementia treatment due to risks for mortality and cardiovascular
side effects
, Alzheimer's disease (AD) - CORRECT ANSWERS-progressive, irreversible, memory
loss and decreasing brain function
-most common type of dementia
-70% of all cases
-no cure
• treatment may alter disease progression and reduce symptoms
Apathy - CORRECT ANSWERS-diminished motivation and reduced goal-directed
behavior, accompanied by decreased emotional responsiveness
-lack of motivation is at the core of apathy
-affects approximately 90% of patients with dementia
-one of the most persistent and frequent secondary behavioral symptoms of dementia
-shown to predict disease-worsening
-if med needed for apathy: cholinesterase inhibitors are first-line in AD, FTD patients
may benefit more from SSRI's/SNRI's
Cause of alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-Plaques
-abnormal protein fragments
-between neurons
Tangles
-tau protein, twisted and abnormal
-inside neurons
Cell death in Alzheimer's disease: - CORRECT ANSWERS-leads to the atrophy
(shrinking) of brain tissue.
-primarily affects the areas responsible for memory and higher-level thinking:
• hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
-atrophy of cerebral cortex
-enlarged brain ventricles
-atrophy of hippocampus
Cleo is a 65-year-old male diagnosed with mild cognitive changes related to Alzheimer's
disease. He also has anxiety, COPD, and smokes cigarettes. Which of the following
medications is appropriate for Cleo?
rivastigmine
donepezil
galantamine - CORRECT ANSWERS-donepezil
Rationale: It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of mild dementia and is not
affected by nicotine. Donepezil also treats psychological symptoms of AD such as
anxiety, depression, apathy, delusions, and pacing (Stahl, 2021). Rivastigmine and
galantamine are not appropriate choices for Cleo. Rivastigmine should be avoided in
clients with COPD. Nicotine can also increase the clearance of the medication.
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