Organisatie en ICT
Samenvatting kennisclips midterm
Blauw: stof die op wooclap van docent voorkwam
Groen: stof die op mid-term tt 2024 voorkwam
Geel = stof die op remindo oefentt voorkam
HC1 ~ Introduction to OICT course
The ecosystem
- Protection of intellectual property (IP)
- Activision and Imagic are examples of third party companies that produced quality
games
- At the same time, the market flooded with low-quality games too, even rip-offs
Game production process
- Securing rights to make games based on movies and/or comic book characters top
priority (spiderman) 1982.
Reasons leading up to the gamecrash
- Flooded console market
- Loss of publishing control (IP)
- Business/IT misalignment
- Undervaluation of key personnel (programmers)
No notion of a console lifecycle
HC 1 ~ Kennisclip 1
What is an organisation?
- Social entity: an organisation is people and their relationships
- Goal-directed: there is purpose, shared goals to achieve
- Designed as a structured/coordinated activity: coordinated activities to reach
the goals, not just a random collection of people
- Linked to the external environment: partners, customers, providers
(stakeholders)
In what do organisations differ?
- Size
- Product vs service (car production vs tax advice)
- For-profit vs non-profit (Philips vs Unicef)
- Age/maturity
- Local/global
- Sector
- Public/private
What is a system?
- A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a
unified whole surrounded and influenced by an environment
- Closed system: focus on the organization itself
,- Open system: open boundary between the organisation and the environment,
there is input and output
Why have organisations become so important?
Many big and impactful ideas require collaboration and economy of scale to be
realized. Some reasons why organisations exist:
- Bring together resources to achieve goals, to produce goods and services (an
aircraft carrier for military use)
- Boost innovation by delivering new goods&services
Main takeaways
1. Organisations consist of a coordinated set of people. But they differ significantly
one from another.
2. You cannot study organisations by looking only at their internal functioning.
Kennisclip 2
What are 7 strategic business objectives?
1. Operational excellence
Objective: improvement of efficiency to attain higher profitability
- Information systems, technology an important tool in achieving greater efficiency
and productivity
- The traditional use of ICT since its dawn
- Walmart supermarket system
2. New products, services and business models (Netflix, electric cars, Airbnb)
3. Customer and supplier intimacy (suppliers know very well what customers
want, suppliers have a well-connected relationship with their business)
4. Improved decision making (organisations want the best information to make
well-informed decisions)
,5. Competitive advantage (switching cost if u switch to another company)
6. Survival
- Information technologies as necessity of business
- Sometimes driven by industry-level changes (ATM/geldautomaat)
- Governmental regulations requiring record-keeping
7. Becoming more responsible
Companies can be interested in becoming more responsible for different reasons
- Internal forces: the owner/employer employees themselves
- External forces: customers/investors want the company to become more
responsible
What are current challenges in today’s organisations?
1. Globalization
- Opportunities: divisions/afdelingen of the same organization all over the world
- Threats: the competitors are way closer than before (companies can come to your
country as well)
2. Ethics and social responsibility
- Corruption of top management
- Ecological sustainability is at stake
3. Responsiveness to changes
- Rapid adjustment to customer demands and market changes
- Information as the key assets (not machines anymore)
4. The digital workspace
- Old-fashioned managers cannot keep up with technology
- Choosing the right technology is key for success
5. Diversity
- Organisations shall be able to deal with people of different cultures, provenance,
working styles etc.
Main take-aways
1. Organisations have goals and challenges that are difficult to achieve.
2. There are trade-offs among some of these goals.
3. Acting responsibly is increasingly important (bv considering sustainability in all its
dimensions).
4. When trying to generalise objectives, goals or challenges, we find different
classifications in the literature: this reflects the complex situation of organisations
nowadays.
Kennisclip 3
What is the role of information systems in business today?
, They support the processes of organisations by facilitating communication among
people.
- Emerging mobile digital platform
- Growing business use of big data
- Growth in cloud computing (info stored in cloud)
- Internet reduces costs of operating globally
- Increases in foreign trade/buitenlandse handel, outsourcing is easier
- Challenges (security issues, new ICT needs to be accepted) and opportunities
Why is ICT important, why do organisations invest in ICT?
ICT capital investment defined as the acquisition of hardware, software and
communications equipment, that is used in production for more than one year. The
price of ICT like software is cheaper then the prices of machines and buildings.
What is new in ICT for organisations?
- ICT innovations: growth mobiles, computers, office, social networks
- New business models: Netflix, Spotify, Airbnb
- Expansion of e-commerce: Aliexpress, amazon, facebook
- Changes in management: teams, skype
- Changes in firms: more collaboration in teams
What is the definition of information system?
Set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information
to support decision making, coordination and control.
What are three activities of information systems produce information that
organisations need?
- Input: captures raw data from organisation or external environment
- Processing: converts raw data into meaningful form
- Output: transfers processed information to people or activities that use it
What is the difference between data vs information?
- Data: streams of raw facts, codified perceptions of world phenomena
- Information: data shaped into a meaningful form, typically with a purpose
Main take-aways
. ICT is a key enabler of organisational transformation
. ICT is a strategic asset for organisations
. ICT and its relationship with organisations are always evolving
. ICT investment does not necessarily guarantee return on investment
. Information systems collect, process, store and distribute information to support
decision making, coordination and control
Kennisclip 4
What is a responsible organisation?
- Defining a sustainable business model
- Behaving responsibly throughout the whole value chain
- Improving the impact of the enterprise
