MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA:
INDONESIA
Mapping Digital Media:
Indonesia
A REPORT BY THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS
WRITTEN BY
Kuskridho Ambardi (lead reporter)
Gilang Parahita, Lisa Lindawati, Adam Sukarno, Nella Aprilia (reporters)
EDITED BY
Marius Dragomir and Mark Thompson (Open Society Media ...
COUNTRY REPORT
MAPPING DIGIT AL MEDIA: INDONESIA Mapping Digital Media:
Indonesia
A REPORT BY THE OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS
WRITTEN BY
Kuskridho Ambardi (lead reporter)
Gilang Parahita, Lisa Lindawati, Adam Sukarno, Nella Aprilia (reporters)
EDITED BY
Marius Dragomir and Mark Thompson (Open Society Media Program editors)
Graham Watts (regional editor)
EDITORIAL COMMISSION
Yuen-Ying Chan, Christian S. Nissen, Dus ˇan Reljic ´, Russell Southwood, Damian Tambini
The Editorial Commission is an advisory body. Its members are not responsible for the information or assessments contained in the Mapping Digital Media texts
OPEN SOCIETY MEDIA PROGRAM TEAM
Meijinder Kaur, program assistant; Stewart Chisholm, associate director
OPEN SOCIETY INFORMATION PROGRAM TEAM
Vera Franz, senior program manager; Darius Cuplinskas, director 13 January 2014 MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA INDONESIA 2Contents
Mapping Digital Media ......................................................................................................... ............ 4
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. .............. 6
Context ....................................................................................................................... ...................... 10
Social Indicators ............................................................................................................. ................... 11
Economic Indicators ........................................................................................................... .............. 13
1. Media Consumption: /T_h e Digital Factor ................................................................................... 14 1.1 Digital Take-up .......................................................................................................... ....... 14 1.2 Media Preferences ........................................................................................................ ..... 17 1.3 News Providers ........................................................................................................... ...... 21 1.4 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 25
2. Digital Media and Public or State-administered Broadcasters .................................................... 26 2.1 Public Service and State Institutions ................................................................................. 26 2.2 Public Service Provision ................................................................................................. ... 30 2.3 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 32
3. Digital Media and Society .................................................................................................. ....... 33 3.1 User-Generated Content (UGC) ...................................................................................... 33 3.2 Digital Activism ......................................................................................................... ....... 35 3.3 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 40 3 OPEN SOCIETY MEDIA PROGRAM 20144. Digital Media and Journalism ............................................................................................... .... 41 4.1 Impact on Journalists and Newsrooms .............................................................................. 41 4.2 Investigative Journalism ................................................................................................. ... 45 4.3 Social and Cultural Diversity ............................................................................................ 48 4.4 Political Diversity ...................................................................................................... ........ 51 4.5 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 52
5. Digital Media and Technology ............................................................................................... ... 53 5.1 Broadcasting Spectrum .................................................................................................... . 53 5.2 Digital Gatekeeping ...................................................................................................... .... 58 5.3 Telecommunications ....................................................................................................... .. 59 5.4 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 59
6. Digital Business ........................................................................................................... .............. 61 6.1 Ownership ................................................................................................................ ........ 61 6.2 Media Funding ............................................................................................................ ..... 67 6.3 Media Business Models .................................................................................................... . 68 6.4 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 69
7. Policies, Laws, and Regulators ............................................................................................. ...... 71 7.1 Policies and Laws ........................................................................................................ ...... 71 7.2 Regulators ............................................................................................................... .......... 77 7.3 Government Interference .................................................................................................. 81 7.4 Assessments .............................................................................................................. ........ 84
8. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ .............. 86 8.1 Media Today .............................................................................................................. ....... 86 8.2 Media Tomorrow ........................................................................................................... ... 87
List of Abbreviations, Figures, Tables, and Companies ....................................................................... 88
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