ENV 334 Final Exam || with 100% Verified Solutions.
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Where does the scientific community stand with regard to climate change? Is the temperature the rising and, if so, at what rate is this occurring? correct answers 97% consensus that climate change is real. The temperature rise is 4X background rate. Increased 1 degree Celsius.
Where does the gen...
ENV 334 Final Exam || with 100% Verified Solutions.
Where does the scientific community stand with regard to climate change? Is the temperature the
rising and, if so, at what rate is this occurring? correct answers 97% consensus that climate
change is real. The temperature rise is 4X background rate. Increased 1 degree Celsius.
Where does the general public stand when it comes to climate change? Do they agree with the
scientific community? If not, what might account for the difference? correct answers The public
is less convinced than the scientific community. Part of this reason is media presenting both sides
of the debate 50/50, called the equal time issue. It would be more accurate to represent 97/3.
What are some of the results of climate change? correct answers Sea level is rising, ocean
warming and acidification, more severe storms, droughts, floods, wildfires, coral bleaching, loss
of biodiversity among animal species
What might cause climate change? Are human beings particularly responsible for the climate
change currently taking place? If so, in what way(s)? correct answers -Changes in solar output
-Changes in Earth's orbit (Milankovitch cycles)
-Changes in the composition in the Earth's atmosphere - Milankovitch Cycles
-"Human Enhanced Greenhouse Effect" - less heat escapes into space
What specific measures might we take to mitigate the effects of climate change? Know here the
debates surrounding carbon tax vs. cap-and-trade, the controversy surrounding the Kyoto
Protocol, and the idea of "internalizing externalities." correct answers A carbon tax sets the price
of carbon emissions and lets the market determine the quantity of emissions reduced. Cap-and-
trade sets a limit for carbon emissions and allows the carbon credits to be traded. The market sets
the price for carbon credits. The Kyoto protocol was completely ineffective. Some argue it was
structured to allow the developed nations to continue business as is. 'Externalities' is the
economic word for side effects. Internalizing them is including the negative (or positive) side
effects in the prices. An example is cap and trade.
What was established by the Paris Climate Agreement (2015)? Where does the U.S. stand in
regard to this agreement? correct answers -Agreement within the United Nations Framework --
Convention on Climate Change dealing with greenhouse gas emissions will mitigation,
adaptation and finance
-Helping communities and countries reduce risks and adapt to climate change impacts
-Trump pulled the U.S. from the agreement
What is meant by the term "sustainability?" What are the positives and negatives of this goal? Is
it the best model for an environmental ethic? Why or why not? correct answers The rates of
renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non renewable resource depletion that can be
continued indefinitely
A state in which the demands placed on the environment can be met without reducing its
capacity to allow people to live well now and in the future
, Ecopragmatism correct answers -Best way to get people to care about nature is to get them to
work with it.
-Environmental action helps Earth directly and makes others think about the actions of their
futures.
Ecofeminism correct answers -masculine preoccupations with mastery and control have resulted
in a domineering attitude toward the natural world.
-1It's the idea that women (owing in part to their closer connection to nature) can foster more
eco-friendly attitudes of compassion and concern.
Ecocentrism correct answers takes human centered thinking to lie at the heart of our
environmental crisis
Deep Ecology correct answers critiques "shallower" approaches that focus on mere
implementation and resource management. Human life is one of the many equal parts of the
ecosystem.
Biocentrism correct answers -All living things have intrinsic value
-Non-living things have only instrumental value
Sentiocentrism correct answers beings with the ability to feel pleasure and pain have intrinsic
value
Weak Anthropocentrism correct answers human beings have the highest moral standing but other
natural beings have moral worth as well
Strong Anthropocentrism correct answers -Only human beings have moral standing
-Obligations to nature are secondary and derived from oneself (my) obligations to other human
beings
What is meant by the term "stewardship?" What's the difference between secular and theocentric
forms of stewardship? correct answers -In environmental terms, the term stewardship means to
responsibly use and protection of the natural environment through conservation and sustainable
practices.
->Theocentric - religion and spiritually centered, god creates all living things so human beings
have the responsibility and dominion to take care of all living things.
->Secular - worldly centered, humans beings should take care of the environment for the sake of
all Earthly things and the benefit of the word as a whole.
What does Thomas Berry mean by "the Great Work?" Does Henning agree with Berry's call
here? Why or why not? correct answers -The Great Work is reinventing the human as
responsible citizens in a biotic community - voluntary simplicity, wide sustainability, and
humble self-stewardship.
-calls for us to experience creation as a source of wonder and delight rather than a commodity for
our personal use. NN
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