HKIN 276 Midterm 2 Exam Questions with Answers
Definitions and examples of movement programming - Answer-Organizing the motor system to make the desired movement;
Retrieve and organize a motor program
Definition of reaction time versus response time - Answer-1. Reaction time: the period of tim...
HKIN 276 Midterm 2 Exam
Questions with Answers
Definitions and examples of movement programming - Answer-Organizing the motor
system to make the desired movement;
Retrieve and organize a motor program
Definition of reaction time versus response time - Answer-1. Reaction time: the period of
time beginning when the stimulus is first presented and ending when the movement
response starts.
2. Response time: that period of time, from the end of RT until the completion of the
movement, it is called the movement time. The response time refers to the total of RT
plus MT.
Hick's law related to reaction time - Answer-The linear in choice reaction time with the
number of stimulus-response alternatives
Role of anticipation in skill development, benefits and costs of anticipation of
movements - Answer-Anticipation: a performer can organize movement in advance
- highly skilled people have large advantage
- what stimuli would be presented, where it comes from, and when it would
appear(event, spatial, and temporal)
Benefits: correct anticipation results in RT = 0, regularity of events can increase
capability to predict effectively
Costs: - the anticipation action is not what actually happens
- incorrect anticipation will require more processing activities, and longer delay
Definition of attention, skill task attention versus complex task attention - Answer-
Attention: a recource that is available and that can be used for various purpose, it is
limited in oding two things at the same time
Skill task attention:
How does one divide attetion - environment, monitoring, planning, other processes -->
attentional capacity - Answer-
Definition and examples of parallel processing and the Stroop effect - Answer-Stroop
effect: is the tendency for the set of stimuli on the right ot require longer comletion times
to name the colors than those on the left (fig. 3.2)
Definitions and examples of inattention blindness - Answer-(vigilance) the ability to
maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a sustained period of time
, Example: working as security agent needs high level of concentration to prevent
unexpected things
Factors that influence sustained attention - Answer-operator's motivation, arousal,
fatigue (clearly related to the accumulated amount of time in performing the task)
Environmental factors: temperature and noise
Voluntary movement loop and relationship with basal ganglia - Answer-Voluntary
Movement Loop: the cerebellum first receives information about the intended movement
from the sensory and motor cortexes. Then it sends information back to the motor
cortex about the required direction, force, and duration of this movement Thus this loop
involving the cerebellum operates in addition to the loop involving the basal ganglia to
regulate the details of motor control
Role of cerebellum in smooth coordinated movements - Answer-provides precise timing
and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction for smooth coordinated
movements and agility needed for our daily living, by processing inputs recieved from
the cerebral motor cortex, various brain stem nuclei, and sensory receptors
Contralateral control system (left versus right side control) - Answer-Left hand
movement is controlled by right hemisphere, and right hand movement is controlled by
left hemisphere
Neural pathway development with complex tasks during growth - Answer-Neural
pathway is the links between neurons. Wire the brain to control functions like body
functions and thinking processes. The more complex tasks that we learned, the more
neural pathway would form as the processing occurs
Definition and examples of an action versus a skill - Answer-Skill: a voluntary movement
or a task to achieve a goal that is specific
Action: the process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim.
Definition and examples of discrete versus serial versus continuous skills - Answer-1.
Discrete skill: a skill has a defined beginning and end, often with a very brief duration of
movement. Example: throwing a basketball.
2. Continuous skill: a skill has no defined beginning and end. Example: Swimming,
walking, tracking and running.
3. Serial skills: a group of discrete skills strung together to make up a new, more
complicated skilled action. Example: hammering a nail, long jump.
Definitions and examples of open versus closed skill - Answer-1. Open skill: the
environment is variable and unpredictable during the action. Example: dribbling a ball
during soccer game and facing numerous opponents creating an unpredication and
unstable environment.
2. Closed skill: the envrionment is stable and predictable during the action. Example:
dribbling a ball during soccer practice with no defenders.
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