MCB4304 Final Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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MCB4304 Final Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What are some measurements regarding DNA structure? - ANSWERSThere are 10.5 bp per turn, with a distance of 3.4 Angstroms from one pair to another.
What was wrong on Linus Pauling's proposed DNA structure? - ANSWERSThe phosphate groups are ...
MCB4304 Final Exam 1 Questions &
Answers 2024/2025
What are some measurements regarding DNA structure? - ANSWERSThere are 10.5 bp per turn, with a
distance of 3.4 Angstroms from one pair to another.
What was wrong on Linus Pauling's proposed DNA structure? - ANSWERSThe phosphate groups are
located in the center forming the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What happens during genetic recombination? - ANSWERSDuring crossing over, genes will move from one
arm of the chromosome to the arm of the sister chromatid.
Genes - ANSWERSChunks of DNA that contribute to particular traits or functions by coding for proteins
that influence physiology
Alleles - ANSWERSDifferent versions of a gene, which vary according to the nucleotide base present at a
particular genome location
If each parent carries two copies of a gene, the parents are ____ for that gene. - ANSWERSDiploid
Haploid - ANSWERSOnly one copy of the genome (chrosomosome)
Variants of an allele - ANSWERSMultiple forms (variants) of an allele (gene) can exist in a population,
however, any given individual will only have one (homozygous) or two (heterozygous) different alleles.
Multiple allelism - ANSWERSWhen there is a gene existing in more than two allelic forms (blood type)
Are gametes diploid or haploid? - ANSWERSHaploid
,Is the recessive allele lost? - ANSWERSThe recessive allele is not lost; it can still exert its influence when
paired with another recessive allele in a homozygote.
One helical turn - ANSWERS10.5 bp/turn
Axial rise - ANSWERS3.4 Angstroms (distance between bp)
Helix diameter - ANSWERS20 Angstroms
Chargaff's rule - ANSWERSA=T and C=G
Chromosomes - ANSWERSDiscrete physical entities that carry genes
Autosomes - ANSWERSOccur in pairs in a given individual (not the X or the Y chromosome)
Sex chromosomes - ANSWERS(Humans) are identified as X and Y
-Females have two X chromosomes
-Males have one X and one Y chromosome
Can carry specific features
Locus - ANSWERSLocation of a gene on a chromosome
Genotype - ANSWERSCombination of alleles
Phenotype - ANSWERSVisible expression of genotype
Wild-type - ANSWERSThe phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations
,Recombination - ANSWERSDuring meiosis, gamete formation, crossing over can occur resulting in the
exchange of genes between the two homologous chromosomes
The result of the crossing-over event produces a new combination of alleles
The farther apart two genes are on a chromosome, the _____ likely they are to recombine
independently. - ANSWERSMore
Is crossing over frequency absolute? - ANSWERSNo
Open reading frame - ANSWERSContinuous stretch of DNA or RNA that potentially encodes a functional
protein.
It refers to a sequence of nucleotide bases that can be translated into a protein by the cellular
machinery.
Why is the one gene, one enzyme proposal not correct? - ANSWERS1. One enzyme may be composed of
several polypeptides, each gene codes for only one polypeptide
2. Many genes code for non-enzyme proteins
3. End products of some genes are not polypeptides (i.e. tRNA, rRNA)
Activities of genes - ANSWERS•Replicated faithfully
•Direct the production of RNAs and proteins
•Accumulate mutations thereby allowing for evolution
Archaea are more similar to _____ in the context of their molecular biology. - ANSWERSEukaryotes
Nucleotides bind to each other through ______ bonds. - ANSWERSPhosphodiester
DNA melting temperature - ANSWERSTemperature in which half of the DNA strands denature
, A DNA sequence rich in ______ has a higher melting temperature since it has more H-bonds to break. -
ANSWERSC-G
Purines - ANSWERSAdenine and Guanine
2 rings
Pyrimidines - ANSWERSCytosine and Thymine and Uracil
1 ring
Why is uracil in RNA instead of thymine? - ANSWERSUracil is missing a methyl group which reduces the
stability of the base pair & RNA does not need to last for a long time (thymine has methyl group)
Difference between deoxyribose and ribose - ANSWERSRibose has an -OH group bonded to the 2' carbon
atom, and deoxyribose has an -H there
Nucleoside - ANSWERSbase + sugar
Nucleotide - ANSWERSbase + sugar + phosphate
DNA sequence always goes _______. - ANSWERS5'->3'
Which carbon of the sugar is the base bonded to? - ANSWERS1' C
How many hydrogen bonds are between C and G? A and T? - ANSWERS3, 2
What does the difference in total % of GC content among microbes reflect? - ANSWERSDifferences in
physical properties, higher GC content means more stability
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