CS6250 - Computer Networks Exam Study Questions and Answers 2024
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What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered architecture? - Separation of concerns among logical layers promotes flexibility, scalibility, and maintainability. Multiple applications can reuse the components. It enables teams to work on different parts with minimal dependencies on other teams...
CS6250 - Computer Networks Exam
Study Questions and Answers 2024
What are advantages and disadvantages of a layered architecture? - Separation of
concerns among logical layers promotes flexibility, scalibility, and maintainability.
Multiple applications can reuse the components. It enables teams to work on
different parts with minimal dependencies on other teams
What are the similarities of the OSI model and five-layered Internet model? - They are
both based on layered architecture.
The are comparable to each other - see image 1
Both are networking standards
What are the differences of the OSI model and five-layered Internet model? - OSI is a
generic model based on the functions of each layer. TCP is a protocol oriented
standard.
OSI uses 3 upper layers (application, presentation, and session) while TCP just uses
application.
Likewise, OSI uses 2 Lower layers (Physical and DataLink) while TCP just uses Link
What is a socket? - A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link
between two programs running on the network.
A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the application
that data is destined to be sent to.
Physical Layer - The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in this layer
generate and detect signals so as to transmit and receive data over a network
medium. These protocols also set the data transmission rate and monitor data error
rates, but do not provide error correction.
The lowest layer of the OSI Model is concerned with electrically or optically
transmitting raw unstructured data bits across the network from the physical layer of
the sending device to the physical layer of the receiving device. It can include
specifications such as voltages, pin layout, cabling, and radio frequencies. At the
physical layer, one might find "physical" resources such as network hubs, cabling,
repeaters, network adapters or modems.
, CS6250 - Computer Networks Exam
Study Questions and Answers 2024
OSI Data Link Layer - At the data link layer, directly connected nodes are used to
perform node-to-node data transfer where data is packaged into frames. The data
link layer also corrects errors that may have occurred at the physical layer.
The data link layer encompasses two sub-layers of its own. The first, media access
control (MAC), provides flow control and multiplexing for device transmissions over
a network. The second, the logical link control (LLC), provides flow and error control
over the physical medium as well as identifies line protocols.
OSI Network Layer - The network layer is responsible for receiving frames from the
data link layer, and delivering them to their intended destinations among based on
the addresses contained inside the frame. The network layer finds the destination by
using logical addresses, such as IP (internet protocol). At this layer, routers are a
crucial component used to quite literally route information where it needs to go
between networks.
OSI Transport Layer - The transport layer manages the delivery and error checking of
data packets. It regulates the size, sequencing, and ultimately the transfer of data
between systems and hosts. One of the most common examples of the transport
layer is TCP or the Transmission Control Protocol.
OSI Session Layer - The session layer controls the conversations between different
computers. A session or connection between machines is set up, managed, and
termined at layer 5. Session layer services also include authentication and
reconnections.
OSI Presentation Layer - The presentation layer formats or translates data for the
application layer based on the syntax or semantics that the application accepts.
Because of this, it at times also called the syntax layer. This layer can also handle the
encryption and decryption required by the application layer.
OSI Application Layer - At this layer, both the end user and the application layer
interact directly with the software application. This layer sees network services
provided to end-user applications such as a web browser or Office 365. The
, CS6250 - Computer Networks Exam
Study Questions and Answers 2024
application layer identifies communication partners, resource availability, and
synchronizes communication.
5 Layer Internet Model - Application Layer - As you might have guessed, the
Application layer is where applications requiring network communications live.
Examples of these applications include email clients and web browsers. These
applications use the Transport Layer to send requests to connect to remote hosts.
5 Layer Internet Model - Transport Layer - The Transport layer establishes the
connection between applications running on different hosts. It uses TCP for reliable
connections and UDP for fast connections. It keeps track of the processes running in
the applications above it by assigning port numbers to them and uses the Network
layer to access the TCP/IP network.
5 Layer Internet Model - Network Layer - The Network layer is responsible for creating
the packets that move across the network. It uses IP addresses to identify the
packet's source and destination.
5 Layer Internet Model - Data Link Layer - The Data Link layer is responsible for
creating the frames that move across the network. These frames encapsulate the
packets and use MAC addresses to identify the source and destination.
5 Layer Internet Model - Physical Layer - The Physical layer encodes and decodes the
bits found in a frame and includes the transceiver that drives and receives the
signals on the network.
What is encapsulation, and how is it used in a layered model? - In networking model,
the terms encapsulation and de-encapsulation refer to a process in which protocol
information is added to the data and removed from the data when it passes through
the layers.
Protocol information can be added before and after the data. If information is added
before the data, it is known as header. If information is added after the data, it is
known as trailer.
What is the end-to-end (e2e) principle? - When a function has to be supported in a
networked system, the designer often asks if it should be implemented at the end
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