Indiana Generalist Social Studies and Fine Arts Exam || A+
Guaranteed.
three types of basic maps correct answers base map, topographic map, and thematic map
base maps correct answers created from aerial and field surveys
serve as the starting point for topographic and thematic maps
topographic maps correct answers show the natural and human-made features of the earth,
including mountain elevations, river courses, roads, names of lakes and towns, and county and
state lines
thematic maps correct answers use a base or topographic map as the foundation for showing date
based on a theme, such as population density, wildlife distribution, hill-slope stability, economic
trends, etc.
scale correct answers the size of a map expressed as a ratio of the actual size of the land
time correct answers linked to longitude in that a complete rotation of the earth, or 360 degrees
of longitude, occurs every 24 hours
time zone correct answers consists of 24 time zones corresponding to the 24 hours in a day
1884 conference correct answers established the meridian passing through Greenwich, England,
as the zero point, or prime meridian
international date line correct answers serves as the place where each day begins and ends on
earth - halfway point (180 degrees) from the prime meridian
cartography correct answers the art and science of mapmaking
the first step in modern mapmaking correct answers survey; involves designating a few key sites
of known elevation as benchmarks to allow for measurement of other sites
field survey correct answers made to determine municipal borders and place names
the second step in modern mapmaking correct answers compile information and computer-draft a
map based on the collected data
latitude and longitude correct answers imaginary lines (horizontal and vertical, respectively) that
divide the globe into a grid; both are measured using the 360 degrees of a circle
coordinates correct answers the latitude and longitude measures for a place
,absolute location correct answers the exact spot where coordinates meet; the grid system allows
the location of every place on the planet to be identified
equator correct answers the line at 0 degrees latitude that divides the earth into two equal halves
called hemispheres
parallels correct answers another name for lines of latitude because they circle the earth in
parallel lines that never meet
meridians correct answers another name for lines of latitude; prime meridian is located at 0
degrees longitude, and is the starting point for measuring distance (both east and west) around
the globe; meridians circle the earth and connect at the poles
northern hemisphere correct answers area above, or north, of the equator
southern hemisphere correct answers area below, or south, of the equator
western hemisphere correct answers area between the north and south poles, extends west from
the prime meridian to the international date line
eastern hemisphere correct answers area between the north and south poles, extends east from
the prime meridian to the international date line
north and south poles correct answers latitude is measured in the terms of the number of degrees
north and south from the equator. the north pole is located 90 degrees north latitude and the south
pole is located 90 degrees south latitude
tropic of cancer correct answers the parallel, or latitude, 23.5 degrees north of the equator
tropic of capricorn correct answers the parallel, or latitude, 23.5 degrees south of the equator
arctic circle correct answers the parallel, or latitude, 66.5 degrees north of the equator
antarctic circle correct answers the parallel, or latitude, 66.5 degrees south of the equator
features of geographic locations correct answers physical and cultural
physical features correct answers vegetation zones or biomes and climate zones
vegetation zones correct answers forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra are the four main types
of vegetation zones
climate zones correct answers tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar are the five
different types of climate zones. climate is the long-term average weather conditions of a place
cultural features correct answers population density, religion, and language
,population density correct answers the number of people living in each square mile or kilometer
of a place, calculated by dividing the population by area
religion correct answers the identification of the dominant religions of a place, originated in Asia
languages correct answers the identification of the dominant or official language of a place; there
are 12 major language families and the Indo-European family is spoken over the widest
geographic area, but Mandarin Chinese is spoken by the most people
coral reefs correct answers formed from millions of tiny, tube-shaped polyps, an animal life form
encased in tough limestone skeletons
three types of coral reefs correct answers fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls
fringing reefs correct answers surround, or fringe, an island
barrier reefs correct answers over the centuries, a fringing reef grows so large that the island
sinks down from the weight, and the reef becomes a barrier around the island. water trapped
between the island and the reef is called a lagoon
atolls correct answers eventually, the sinking island goes under, leaving the coral reef around the
lagoon
mountains correct answers formed by the movement of geologic plates
orogeny correct answers rigid slabs of rocks beneath the earth's crust that float on a layer of
partially molten rock in the earth's upper mantle. as these plates collide, they push up the crust to
form mountains
three basic forms of orogeny correct answers - if the collision of continental plates causes the
crust to buckle and fold, a chain of folded mountains, such as the Appalachians, the Alps, or the
Himalayas, is formed
- if the collision of the plates causes a denser oceanic plate to go under a continental plate, a
process called subduction, strong horizontal forces lift and fold the margin of the continent
- if an oceanic plate is drive under another oceanic plate, volcanic mountains such as those in
Japan and the Philippines are formed
changes and activities that can harm the environment from human interaction correct answers -
cutting down mountains by machine or blasting to build roads or construction site
-cutting down trees and clearing natural growth
-building houses and cities
-using grassland to graze herds
-polluting water sources
-polluting the ground with chemical and oil waste
-wearing out fertile land and losing topsoil
, -placing communication lines cross country using poles and wires or underground cable
-place railway lines or paved roads cross country
-building gas and oil pipelines cross country
-draining wetlands
-damming up or re-routing waterways
-spraying fertilizers, pesticides, and defoliants
-hunting animals to extinction or near extinction
environment correct answers influences the way people live
carrying capacity correct answers the maximum, sustained level of use of an environment can
incur without sustaining significant environmental deterioration that would eventually lead to
environmental destruction
natural hazards (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, tsunamis, and some forest
fires and insect infestations) correct answers processes or events that are not caused by humans,
but may have serious consequences for humans and the environment
three different points of view that can be used to study history correct answers space,
environment, and chronology
why did geography play a role in the building of the Panama Canal? correct answers the value of
a shorter transportation route had to outweigh the costs of labor, disease, political negotiations,
and equipment, not to mention a myriad of other effects from cutting a canal through an isthmus
and changing a natural land structure as a result
spatial organization correct answers refers to how things or people are grouped in a given space
anywhere on earth
five themes of geography correct answers location, place, human-environmental interaction,
movement, and regions
location correct answers includes relative location (described in terms of surrounding geography
such as a river, sea coast, or mountain), and absolute location (the specific point of latitude and
longitude)
place correct answers includes physical characteristics (beaches, deserts, mountains, plains, and
waterways), and human characteristics (features created by humans, such as architecture, roads,
religion, industries, or occupations, and food and folk practice)
human-environmental interaction correct answers includes human adaptation to the environment
(using an umbrella when it rains), human modification of the environment (building terraces to
prevent soil erosion), and human dependence on the environment for food, water, and natural
resources
