PSYCH 115 - Final Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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What are the main differences between the folk psychology, James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schacter-Singer theories of emotion? Folk psych: feeling triggers autonomic reaction; emotions cause body to react [Stimulus --> Emotion --> Behavior]
James-Lange: autonomic reaction triggers feeling; bo...
what are the main differences between the folk psy
james lange autonomic reaction triggers feeling
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PSYCH 115 - Final Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
What are the main differences between the folk psychology, James-Lange, Cannon-
Bard, and Schacter-Singer theories of emotion? ✅Folk psych: feeling triggers
autonomic reaction; emotions cause body to react
[Stimulus --> Emotion --> Behavior]
James-Lange: autonomic reaction triggers feeling; bodily response evokes emotional
experience
[Stimulus --> Behavior --> Emotion]
Limitation: Does not take into account the role of cognition/appraisal/awareness
Cannon-Bard: simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction; brain must interpret
situation (cognition) to decide which emotion is appropriate
[Stimulus --> Cognition --> Behavior AND Emotion]
Schachter-Singer (update to James-Lange):
[Stimulus --> Cognition --> Behavior --> Emotion]
and the intensity of the action correlates with the intensity of the feeling
IMPT: differs from James-Lange because emotional experiences depends on
context/situation!
Schachter's Cognitive Attribution Model ✅- Arousal contributes to intensity of
emotional experience
- Context also influences emotional experience (e.g. confederate happy/angry made
subjects more happy/angry)
- participants who had no explanation for their feelings were more likely to be
susceptible to the emotional influences of the confederate
What are the 8 (mostly) universal facial expressions of emotion? ✅Anger, Sadness,
Happiness, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, Contempt, Embarrasment
- however, surprise and disgust differ between western and isolated non-western
cultures (suggests facial emotions can have cultural influence)
How are facial expressions produced and which cranial nerves are involved? ✅Facial
expressions are mediated by muscles. cranial nerves, and CNS pathways
- Cranial nerves provide sensory/motor information to brain; facial expressions are
controlled by 2 cranial nerves: Facial nerve (VII), Trigeminal nerve (V)
Facial nerve: innervates superficial muscles of facial expression
Trigeminal nerve: innervates deep muscles that move your jaw
, - 2 categories of facial muscles: superficial facial muscles, deep facial muscles
Superficial facial muscles: attach to facial skin; on contraction, can change shape of
your eyes, nose, mouth
Deep facial muscles: attach to bone; enable movement such as chewing and large
movements of the face
Which brain regions are involved in emotion? ✅Limbic system - interlinked structures
associated with motivation, learning, emotion, memory, and aggression (includes
thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala)
Amygdala - group of nuclei in medial anterior part of temporal lobe; key structure
involved in FEAR
- comprised of 12 diff. nuclei, each with a distinct set of connections
- central nucleus of amygdala regulates blood pressure and freezing behavior in
response to conditioned fear stimulus
What evidence is there to show that the amygdala is involved in fear? ✅Amygdala
damage in animals
i) tameness (kluver-bucy)
ii) impaired fear conditioning
iii) lack of freezing when see/smell predator
iv) disruption of normal social behavior
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
after temporal lobectomies (removal of brain tissue that includes amydala), monkeys
exhibited dramatic emotional changes
- decreased fear of humans compared to before (tameness)
- increased oral exploration (e.g. eating rocks)
- hypersexuality
later experiments in monkeys and rats confirmed that targeted amygdala lesions
decreased fear response
Fear conditioning
- type of classical conditioning where neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with
shock/some unpleasant experience, causing subject to freeze in response to stimulus
- rats with amygdala lesions do not display fear responses at any stage of fear
conditioning
Amygdala damage in humans
- patient SM (amygdala damaged) had overall lack of fear response and inability to
recognize expressions (esp. fear expressions) in other people
- generally impaired in recognizing fearful expressions, experience less fear, and exhibit
abnormal social interaction
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