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UWL BIO 307 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 €14,73
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UWL BIO 307 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
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UWL BIO 307 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 What is the difference between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition? - ANS- Interspecific: Diff species fighting for resources etc. eg: venus fly trap. carnivorous plants formed in low nutrient environments. Competitio...

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UWL BIO 307 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
What is the difference between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition? - ANS-✔✔
Interspecific: Diff species fighting for resources etc. eg: venus fly trap. carnivorous plants formed in low
nutrient environments. Competition can restrict species to certain conditions.

Intraspecific: between individuals of the same species.



What is interference competition? - ANS-✔✔Competition that involves limiting access to space, making
areas unusable (allelopathy)

Involves direct interaction between competitors such that the actions of one species inhibits the actions
of another. Eg: allelopathy toxin production in competing plants

Restricts a species from reaching its full realized niche



What is resource (exploitation) competition? - ANS-✔✔Indirect inhibitory effects.

Eg: those arising from reduced availability of a resource



What do α and β represent in the Lotka-Volterra equations? - ANS-✔✔They represent the competition
coefficients, aka scaling/conversion factors



What does it mean when α is greater than 1? - ANS-✔✔the competitive effect of an individual of
species 2 on the population growth rate of species 1 is greater than that of an individual of species 1

If a > 1, competitive effect of an individual of species 2 on the pop growth rate of species 1 is greater
than that of an individual of species 1. Slide 32 analogy ..?



What do the L-V zero growth curves for species 1 and 2 represent and how are they determined? - ANS-
✔✔populations to the left of the diagonal increase towards equilibrium by adding N1 + N2

pop. to the right will decrease until they reach the diagonal



What happens to the population of species 1 inside of the zero growth curve? Outside of the curve? -
ANS-✔✔populations to the left of the diagonal increase towards equilibrium by adding N1 + N2

,pop. to the right will decrease until they reach the diagonal



What happens to the population of species 2 below the zero growth curve? Above the curve? - ANS-✔
✔populations to the left of the diagonal increase towards equilibrium by adding N1 + N2

pop. to the right will decrease until they reach the diagonal



How are the joint population trajectories of species 1 and 2 determined when both graphs are
superimposed? - ANS-✔✔vector addition

diagonals must cross for there to be an equilibrium (can be stable or unstable)



Given a Lotka-Volterra graph showing the zero growth curves for two species, be able to determine the
outcome of competition between the species. - ANS-✔✔**** me bro idk



Provide a biological interpretation of each of the four possible outcomes of the L-V graphs. - ANS-✔✔1)
Species 1 might always win

2) Species 2 might always win

3) Outcome might be determined by initial numbers

4) Both species might coexist in a stable equilibrium over time



What was the outcome of Gause's competition experiment with protozoans? - ANS-✔✔the first prey
species went extinct, leading to the predators starving and also going extinct

there was one relationship where the species reached a point of coexistence but both had a low carrying
capacity



What type of competition was shown by the experiment? - ANS-✔✔Interference competition



Why was Chthamalus restricted to a realized niche higher up the shoreline? - ANS-✔✔Chthamalus has
a fundamental niche reaching up farther than its competing species

, Which of the two species (Chthamalus or Balanus) has a broader fundamental niche? - ANS-✔✔Balanus
could not survive as high as Chthalmalus, but outcompeted them in the lower water areas and thus
pushed them to live only in the top of their fundamental niche



What characteristic enabled Chthamalus to survive in the higher intertidal zone? - ANS-✔✔Tolerance to
desiccation,



Tilman et al.'s study of competition in diatoms: (1) What type of competition was shown by the
experiment? - ANS-✔✔Asymmetric interspecific competition



How did the fundamental niches differ between the species examined? - ANS-✔✔



How did Synedra competitively exclude Asterionella from the culture medium? - ANS-✔✔through
exploitation competition, the A. species was displaced. S. had the realized niche



What is "diffuse competition" and its possible consequences for a species? - ANS-✔✔a species
experiences minimal competition interactions with a number of species



According to Pielou, what are four conditions that must be met for competitive exclusion to occur? -
ANS-✔✔(1) competitors must remain genetically unchanged for a sufficiently long period of time for
one species to exclude the other

(2) immigrants from one area with different conditions cannot move into the population of the losing
species

(3) the environment must remain constant

(4) competition must continue long enough for the winner to be determined

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