Samenvatting
Summary Theme 7 Personality Psychology Notes
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
These are the notes for Theme 7 of the Personality Psychology course.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 9 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 9 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
THEME 7I. CONCEPTUAL ISSUES: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT, CHANGES AND STABILITY
What is personality development?
Personality development can be defined as the sum of both continuities and consistencies in
people over time and the way people change over time.
There are two important types of stability over time:
• rank order stability
• mean level stability
1. Rank Order Stability = maintaining one's rank in a group of people
↳ if a person maintains their traits (ex.: maintaining the same level of
extraversion), it means they will maintain their rank in the group(s) they are part of
BUT, if they don't and their 'rank' changes (ex.: due to becoming introverted, they are demoted),
then the group will experience 'rank order instability / change'
2. Mean Level Stability = the mean level of a personality trait in a group of people
stays consistent across time
↳ ex.: political views may stay consistent across time, but they may also
change from one side to the other which means that if they change, then this is a
display of 'mean level change'
!!! Personality changes is characterized by two aspects:
• the changes happen at an internal level for the person
• the changes are relatively enduring over time, not temporary
II. PERSONALITY STABILITY OVER TIME
1. Stability in Temperament During Infancy
The traits studies in infants are mostly under one umbrella term: temperament.
Most researchers describe temperament as 'individual differences that emerge early in life and
re likely to have heritable basis and are involved in emotionality and arousability'.
o An important name is studies concerning infants is Mary Rothbart, who studied
infants during their first 12 months of life. The study used the data the mothers /
caretakers of the infants provided in regards to 6 aspects related to temperament:
• activity level (physically)
• smiling and laughter
• fear (of novel stimuli)
• distress to limitations (being refused food or access to specific objects)
• soothability
, • duration of orienting (how long an infant would focus on one thing without any
disturbances)
Findings:
• activity levels and smiling are the most stable traits
• personality traits become more stable towards the end of infancy
One specific limitation is very important: the mothers / caregivers could have had a specific
perception of the infant's behavior → subjective conception of the kid
!!! Conclusions:
o stable individual differences appear very early in life
for most temper related variables, they have moderate stability over the
first year of the infant’s life
o stability tends to be more pronounced over short periods of time
2. Stability During Childhood
• actigraph = motion recorder device used on kids (attached on a limb) for experiments
which records the magnitude and frequency of movement at set intervals
↳ the data from these devices complement the mostly valid data that researchers and
parents provide through observations
• stability coefficient (test-retest reliability coefficient) = correlation obtained from
measures done at two different points in time → found in the 'Age-to-age' column
• validity coefficient = the correlation between different measures taken at the same time of
the same trait → 'Actigraph' columns
** study of MZ and DZ twins from 2 to 3 years old
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper yoyo28417. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,86. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 49768 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen