BSNC 6000 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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BSNC 6000
BSNC 6000 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
Pharmacological interventions for cellulitis: - Answer-oral and parenteral antibiotics and analgesia
What kind of analgesia is used in cellulitis? - Answer-acetaminophen and NSAID
Which antibiotics are typically used to treat celluliti...
BSNC 6000 Final Exam Questions
with Complete Solutions
Pharmacological interventions for cellulitis: - Answer-oral and parenteral antibiotics and
analgesia
What kind of analgesia is used in cellulitis? - Answer-acetaminophen and NSAID
Which antibiotics are typically used to treat cellulitis? - Answer-Cephalexin, Cloxacillin,
Azithromycin, and Clarithtomycin
Risk factors for cellulitis: - Answer-skin barrier disruption, skin inflammation, edema,
obesity, immunosuppression, skin breaks between the toes, and pre-existing skin
infection
What causes edema in cellulitis? - Answer-impaired lymphatic drainage and venous
insufficiency
How to prevent cellulitis in the healthy population: - Answer-proper nutrition, avoiding
skin injury, treat wounds, proper hygiene, and moisturize
sepsis represents what % of all global deaths? - Answer-20%
what causes redness in sepsis? - Answer-increased perfusion
what causes heat in sepsis? - Answer-increased blood flow leads to vasodilation which
makes the skin feel hot
what is exudate? - Answer-stuff that falls out of the blood
what happens if the localized inflammatory response does not occur? - Answer-then
there is a systemic response with fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and brain fog
What do mast cells do in the context of sepsis? - Answer-they release histamine which
increases permeability, vasodilation, and redness
what are cytokines? - Answer-proteins used by the immune system to communicate
the term "inflammatory mediators" is an umbrella term. What are some specific
"inflammatory mediators"? - Answer-histamine, prostaglandin, leukotrienes, interleukins,
and interferons
,What organ modulates the immune response? - Answer-the liver modulates plasma
derived immune responses that come through the blood stream.
what is fibrinogen? - Answer-the inactive form of fibrin
CRP or C-reactive proteins are closely related to ______. - Answer-complement
proteins
Why is histamine fast acting? - Answer-because it is already made before infection and
stored in the mast cells.
What are lysozymes? - Answer-they are organelles found in cells and they help to break
down what they take in
What are reactive oxygen species or ROS? - Answer-it is a marker for local
inflammation
which cell types secrete prostaglandin? - Answer-all cell types
what is PAF? - Answer-platelet activating factor
_______ is preformed and released from granules in mast cells. - Answer-histamine
The ________ is an intracellular signal that occurs in any cell. - Answer-arachidonic
acid pathway
NSAIDS target which pathway? - Answer-The arachidonic pathway
______ (from any cell) and ______ from leukocytes are synthesized and secreted. -
Answer-prostaglandins and leukotrienes
______ (cellular mediators) lead to vasodilation and WBC recruitment - Answer-
cytokines
_____ produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) which spreads in bloodstream and
signals inflammation. - Answer-Leukytes
What are the cellular mediators? - Answer-leukocytes and PAF
What are the hepatic or plasma derives mediators? - Answer-bradykinin, fibrinogen,
CRP, and complement proteins
______ acts on the endothelium causing vasodilation. - Answer-Bradykinin
, what does bradykinin cause? - Answer-vasodilation
_____ is activated to promote blood clots. In sepsis, however, ______ end up forming. -
Answer-Fibrinogen and microemboli
What is DIC? - Answer-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Bradykinin is the _____ version of histamine. - Answer-systemic
C-reactive protein and _______ proteins bind ____ causing inflammation and tissue
damage. - Answer-complement and antibodies
What is hypersensitivity? - Answer-A persons immune system reacts in a way that
damages them rather than protecting them
What is type III hypersensitivity? - Answer-Antigen-antibody complexes deposit into
blood vessel walls causing inflammation and tissue damage
what cells produce antibody? - Answer-plasma cells
what is type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answer-presence of IgE specific to an allergen
what is the MOI of type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answer-histamine stimulates mucus
secretion in the nasal passages and tears that leads to inflammation
what are examples of type 1 hypersensitivity? - Answer-(atopic diseases) allergic
reactions, asthma, dermatitis, and anaphylaxis
what is the immune mechanism of type II hypersensitivity? - Answer-anti-body mediated
immune reaction where antibodies like IgG or IgM are directed against cells. This is an
autoreactive antibody that targets its own tissues.
What is the MOI of type II hypersensitivity? - Answer-cellular destruction, functional
loss, and tissue damage d/t antibodies targeting the body.
examples of type II hypersensitivity and where are they commonly seen - Answer-
autoimmune diseases, infections, cytopenias, and hemolytic anemias. seen in
transplants and blood transfusions.
What is the immune mechanism of type III hypersensitivity? - Answer-mediated by
immune complexes like antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes accumulating in the body.
which type of hypersensitivity is most complex? - Answer-type III
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