Current Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics:
N582 Test 1 Questions and Correct Answers
A 14 y female girl developed a "cold" about 2 weeks ago. One week ago, the
symptoms started to improve slightly, but then worsened. She complains of
significant nasal congestion and headache. She has not been taking any OTC meds.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
✓ ~~~ Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
A 3yr old girl is brought in after 2 days of nonbilious vomiting, which is improving,
and about 6 hours of watery, nonbloody diarrhea. Her 5yr old brother had similar
symptoms last week, and is still having some diarrhea. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
✓ ~~~ Acute gastroenteritis
A 4yr old boy is admitted to the PICU following near drowning. He is in respiratory
distress and has a chest radiograph suggestive of pulmonary edema. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
✓ ~~~ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
A 9yr old girl has itchy nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing every spring. On exam,
she has red, swollen nasal turbinates, What treatment options are available for her?
✓ ~~~ - Intranasal Corticosteroids
- Oral and intranasal antihistamines
- leukotriene antagonists
- nasal saline rinses
Allergic Rhinitis
A child with strabismus is found to have decreased visual acuity in her right eye.
What is the name for this reduction in vision?
✓ ~~~ Amblyopia
A 16yr old girl with known peanut allergy develops an itchy rash, swollen lips and
tongue, and difficult breathing after eating some food at a party. List as many
treatments as possible.
✓ ~~~ - Oxygen
- Epinephrine
- Diphenhydramine and ranitidine
- corticosteroids
- fluids for persistent hypotension
, - bronchodialators if have bronchospasms
- vasopressors if hypotension is refractory to epi
An 11yr old boy wakes with fever, right lower quadrant abdominal pain, and is
refusing breakfast. What is your diagnosis?
✓ ~~~ Appendicitis
A 4 yr old boy, asymptomatic, presents with systolic ejection murmur in upper sterna
area, widely split S2, and a right heave. What heart defect is it?
✓ ~~~ Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
A 5yr old girl presents with chest pain, cough, and FEV 1/FVC is 75% of predicted.
What is the diagnosis?
✓ ~~~ Asthma
- pulmonary function test FEV/FVC < 80%
A 3 month old infant presents with fever, staccato cough, conjunctivitis, and bilateral
rales. Mother with history of vulvovaginitis. What is your diagnosis and treatment?
✓ ~~~ Atypical Pneumonia (chlamydia)
-Macrolide 7-10 days
-Sulfisoxazole
A 12yr old girl presents with fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, bullous leasion
on right tympanic membrane, and bilateral rales. What is your diagnosis?
✓ ~~~ Atypical Pneumonia (mycoplasma)
- Macrolide 7-10 days
-Cipro
Newborn with Trisomy 21 presents with congestive heart failure. What is the most
likely heart defect.
✓ ~~~ Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD)
- 35%-40% with Trisomy 21
A 15 month old boy has had bilateral red eyes with a goopy yellow discharge. His
mother reports that his eyes have been matted shut when he awakes in the morning
and from naps. What is your diagnosis and treatment?
✓ ~~~ bacterial conjunctivitis
- Topical abx, such as erythromycin, polymyxin-bacitracin, tobramycin,
fluoroquinolones
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