Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition Kumar
- Vak
- Instelling
- Boek
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition Kumar
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 6 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 6 pagina's
In winkelwagen
In winkelwagen
gesponsord bericht van onze partner
Gekoppeld boek
Titel boek:
Auteur(s):
- Uitgave:
- ISBN:
- Druk:
Meer samenvattingen voor studieboek
-
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition Kumar
Verkoper
Volgen
phinta004
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Test Bank For Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease9th Edition Kumar | 9781455726134 | All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
What property of tumor metastasis explains why muscle metastasis never occurs? - ANSWER: Organ
Tropism
Gain-of-function mutations of which genes are driver mutations? - ANSWER: Proto-oncogenes
It literally means "new growth", referring to an abnormal mass of tissue that undergoes excessive,
uncoordinated growth, usually due to genetic mutations. - ANSWER: Neoplasia
The entire population of neoplastic cells is termed to be ___, because they arise from a single cell. -
ANSWER: (Mono)Clonal
What are the basic components of tumors? - ANSWER: ~ Neoplastic Cells
~ Stroma (Connective Tissue, Blood Vessels)
This describes the abundant collagenous stroma as stimulated by parenchymal cells, usually as host
response to tumor. - ANSWER: Desmoplasia (i.e. Schirrous in Breast CA)
What are the types of tumors according to malignancy? Briefly describe each in terms of its borders
and localization. - ANSWER: ~ Benign: Well-Defined and Localized
~ Malignant: Ill-Defined and Metastatic, Invasive
What are the types of tumors according to origin? - ANSWER: ~ Epithelial (Ectoderm and Endoderm)
~ Mesenchymal (Mesoderm)
What is the nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors? Give also the exceptions. - ANSWER: ~
Benign: -oma
!!! Exceptions: Melanoma, Lymphoma, Mesothelioma, Seminoma
~ Malignant: -carcinoma, -sarcoma
These tumors originate from more than one parenchymal cell type of the *same layer*. - ANSWER:
Mixed Tumors
These tumors originate from various parenchymal cell types of *different layers*. - ANSWER:
Teratomas
Benign teratomas are described as "___", while malignant teratomas are described as "___". -
ANSWER: Mature, Immature
These are normal cells or tissues found in an abnormal area (i.e. pancreatic tissue in duodenum). -
ANSWER: Choristoma
These are disorganized cells or tissues found in their proper location. - ANSWER: Hamartoma
It refers to the lack of differentiation, usually becoming more and more primitive. It is a hallmark of
malignancy. - ANSWER: Anaplasia
What are the morphological characteristics of anaplasia? - ANSWER: ~ Pleomorphism
~ Abnormal Nuclear Morphology (Hyperchromatism, Prominent Nucleoli, Increased Nucleus-to-
Cytoplasm Ratio)
~ Abundant and/or Atypical Mitoses
, ~ Loss of Normal Polarity
It refers to the variation in shape and size of cells. - ANSWER: Pleomorphism
What are the two functional changes in anaplasia? - ANSWER: ~ Elaborate fetal proteins
~ Production of ectopic hormones
T/F: Metaplasia and dysplasia are reversible. - ANSWER: T
This describes disorderly but non-neoplastic proliferation, and is reversible. - ANSWER: Dysplasia
This modulates angiogenesis for tumor growth, and its receptor is often a target of chemotherapy
drugs. - ANSWER: VEGF
It refers to the fraction of cells that are actively proliferating. - ANSWER: Growth Fraction
What are the main factors of cancerous growth? - ANSWER: ~ Doubling Time
~ Growth Fraction
~ Attrition Rate (Rate of Cell Loss or Death)
These cells explain why there is a relapse even after chemotherapy. - ANSWER: Cancer Stem Cells
Being a hallmark of malignancy, it refers to the process of forming tumor implants discontinuous with
a primary tumor. - ANSWER: Metastasis
Give three pathways of spread. - ANSWER: ~ Direct Seeding
~ Lymphatic Spread
~ Hematogenous Spread
It is the first lymph node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph node from a primary tumor
(i.e. axillary node for breast cancer). - ANSWER: Sentinel Lymph Node
This kind of metastasis occurs because of venous-lymphatic anastomoses and/or obliteration of
lymphatics by radiation or inflammation. - ANSWER: Skip Metastasis
Between venous or arterial spread of cancer, which is more common? Why? How is it for the rarer
one? - ANSWER: ~ Venous: more common, because of thinner walls
~ Arterial: rare, through capillary beds or arteriovenous shunts
It is the fourth most common cause of death in the Philippines. - ANSWER: Cancer
In the Philippines, which cancer has the:
a. highest prevalence?
b. highest morbidity? - ANSWER: a. Breast CA
b. Lung CA
It is the progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass accompanied by profound weakness,
anorexia, and anemia. - ANSWER: Cachexia
What is the mediator responsible for cachexia? - ANSWER: Cytokines
Enumerate the top three common cancers in men and women. - ANSWER: Men: Prostate, Lung, Colon
Women: Breast, Lung, Colon
This country has the highest rates of gastric CA because of smoked food. - ANSWER: Japan
Genetic predispositions to cancer include what? - ANSWER: ~ Autosomal dominant p53 mutation
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper phinta004. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €17,02. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 85443 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen