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Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development
of edema? - Answers -An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and
hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is
distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the
following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - Answers
-Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures
that govern ventilation?
Question options: - Answers -Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the
chest wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - Answers -Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old
girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work
was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal
circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - Answers -
Pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries,
rises over the course of the infant's first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect
blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? - Answers -Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the
following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - Answers -"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs
expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis? - Answers -Aortic valve stenosis
,"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - Answers -A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by
friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of
stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and
are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might
expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes,
neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following
explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? - Answers -The outcome is
the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he
has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to
void with little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and
possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? - Answers -Overactive bladder that may
result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts
of mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of
this change? - Answers -Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of
the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent their
entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate
mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and
increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate
consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive
heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at
an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - Answers -
Blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry
into the heart.
Bacterial - Answers -Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an
infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates
readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when
exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial
accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may
underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - Answers -Base
pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
, Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - Answers -A child has been diagnosed with
thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest
increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - Answers -A woman who
has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) five months prior is
distressed that she has had several recent episodes of urinary incontinence. She has
asked her nurse practitioner why this is the case. Which of the following statements best
captures the facts that would underlie the nurse's response to the patient? - Answers -
She may be unable to sense her bladder filling as a result of her MS.
A 66-year-old male presents to the emergency department accompanied by his wife
who claims that he has been acting confused. The man is complaining of a sudden
onset of severe weakness and malaise and has a dry cough and diarrhea. His
temperature is 102.8°F and his blood work indicates his sodium level is 126 mEq/L
(normal is 135 to 145 mEq/L). What will be the assessing nurse practitioner's most likely
suspicion? - Answers -Legionnaire disease
Confusion, dry cough, diarrhea, and hyponatremia are associated with Legionnaire
disease and less so with bronchopneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia, or
pneumococcal pneumonia.
A 6-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance after
his mother discovered that his heart rate was "so fast I couldn't even count it." The child
was determined to be in atrial flutter and his mother is seeking an explanation from the
health care team. Which of the following points should underlie an explanation to the
mother? - Answers -The child is experiencing a reentry rhythm in his right atrium.
"Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the infection." -
Answers -A 23-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following
24 hours of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is
explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role
in his body's fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following
teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the patient?
A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular genetic
disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys
the genetic rationale for this situation? - Answers -The genes causing each disorder are
likely in the same section of the same chromosome.
"Interferon can bolster your father's immune system by stimulating natural killer cells
that attack viruses." - Answers -A 60-year-old male patient with an acute viral infection
is receiving interferon therapy. The nurse practitioner is teaching the family of the
patient about the diverse actions of the treatment and the ways that it differs from other
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