AMSCO APUSH Chapter 1-15 Questions
and Answers 100% Correct
American Indian Societies 1491 - ANSWER - Some time between 10,000 and 40,000 years
ago, people may have migrated from Asia to the Americas, across a land bridge that connected
Siberia and Alaska. Over a long period of time, successive generations migrated southward to
the southern tip of South America. They evolved to hundreds of tribes, spoke different
languages, and practiced different cultures. In the 1490s it is estimated that the Native American
population was from 50 million to 100 million people.
European incentives for exploring and settling of America - ANSWER - In the 15th century
(1400s) there were three primary motives for Europeans to explore and settle America were
political, economic, and religious.
Political: In the 15th century Europe was changing politically. Nation states were forming, where
the majority of people shared a common culture and a common loyalty toward a central
government. The monarchs of these countries such as Spain, Portugal, France, England, and
the Netherlands depended on trade to bring in needed revenue and they wanted to expand
trade.
Economic: In the past merchants had traveled a long, slow, and expensive land route to Asia. In
1453, this route was blocked when the Ottoman Turks seized control of Constantinople. In order
to find a route to the rich Asian market, European nations funded exploration by sea. In 1492,
Spain financed Christopher Columbus who sailed across the Atlantic in search of a route to
Asia. He landed on an island in the Bahamas.
Religious: In the early 1500s, many Christians in northern European countries had revolted
against the Roman Catholic church, in the Protestant Reformation. The conflict between the
Catholics and the Protestants caused them to want to spread their version of Christianity to
other parts of the world.
Columbian Exchange - ANSWER - The Europeans and the original inhabitants of the Americas
had developed vastly different cultures over thousands of years. This term refers to the transfer
of plants, animals and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the other for the first time. Europe
received beans, corn, potatoes tomatoes, and tobacco. America received sugar cane,
bluegrasses, pigs, horses, the wheel, iron implements, guns, and most importantly diseases.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward - ANSWER - An 1819 Supreme Court case, in which New
Hampshire attempted to change Dartmouth College from a private college into a public
institution. The court struck down the state law as unconstitutional, arguing that a contract for a
private corporation could not be altered by the state.
,McCulloch v. Maryland - ANSWER - This 1819 Supreme Court case, ruled that states could not
tax a federal institution, the Bank of the United States. The court ruled that, even though no
clause in the Constitution specifically mentions a national bank, the Constitution gives the
federal government the implied power to create one.
Gibbons v. Ogden - ANSWER - This 1821 Supreme Court case ruled that New York state could
not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company. This case established the federal government's
control of interstate commerce.
triangular trade - ANSWER - In the 17th century New England merchant ships would follow a
triangle route. Starting from a New England port they would carry rum across the Atlantic to
West African. There the rum would be traded for hundreds of African slaves. Next, the ship
would sale to the West Indies (Caribbean), trade the slaves, and take on a cargo of sugar cane.
The last part of the journey, they would return to a New England port and sell the sugarcane,
which was used to make rum.
Plymouth Colony (cooperation, conflict, identity) - ANSWER - This colony was started by the
Pilgrims at Plymouth (Massachusetts). Originally known as Separatists, they wanted to organize
a church separate from the Church of England. Several hundred of them left England and
moved to Holland. In Holland they experienced economic hardship and cultural differences. In
1620, they sailed aboard the Mayflower to Plymouth. In the first winter nearly half of them
perished. They were eventually helped by friendly American Indians and celebrated the first
Thanksgiving in 1621.
Massachusetts Bay Colony (cooperation, conflict, identity, leaders, failures, success, reasons
for settling) - ANSWER - In 1630, John Winthrop led about a thousand Puritans to America to
found Boston and other towns, as the Massachusetts Bay Company, a royal charter colony.
They were called Puritans because they were moderated dissenters, that believed the Church
of England should be purified. They originally came to America for religious freedom. However,
in the 1630s, a civil war in England drove nearly 15,000 settlers to the Massachusetts Bay
Colony, in the Great Migration.
Bacon's Rebellion - ANSWER - In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a group of army volunteers that
raided Native American villages, fought the Virginia governor's forces, and set fire to
Jamestown. The rebellion lost momentum when Bacon died of dysentery. The rebellion
occurred because the royal governor of Virginia (Sir William Berkeley) failed to protect the small
farmers on Virginia's western frontier from Native American attacks.
King Philip's War - ANSWER - From 1675 to 1676, the American Indian chief Metacom (King
Philip), waged a vicious war against the English settlers in southern New England.
, African American slavery in the Colonies - ANSWER - The first slaves arrived in the colonies in
1619. They were not slaves for life, but worked for a period of time, like an indentured servant.
Then discriminatory laws were passed, slaves and their offspring were kept in permanent
bondage.
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER - This Puritan believed in antinomianism, the idea that faith alone,
not deeds is necessary for salvation. She was banished from the Bay colony because of her
beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth.
Roger Williams - ANSWER - In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence. He was a
respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control
of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs.
Great Awakening: George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards - ANSWER - This religious movement
was at its peak in the 1730s and 1740s. It was characterized by fervent expressions of religious
feeling among masses of people. The movement had a democratizing effect by changing the
way people viewed authority. Common people were encouraged to make their own religious
decisions without relying on higher authority. A few decades in the future the colonists would
why the king and royal governors should hold all political authority.
George Whitefield spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies, sometimes attracting
crowds of 10,000 people. His sermons stressed that God was all powerful and would save only
those who openly professed belief in Jesus Christ.
Jonathan Edwards argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness. Those who
repented could be saved by God's grace, but those who did not would suffer eternal damnation.
Quakers - ANSWER - Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers. They
believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service.
They believed that religious authority was found within each person's soul and not in the Bible
or any outside source.
William Penn - ANSWER - In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a
large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania.
salutary neglect - ANSWER - Great Britain had exercised little direct control over the colonies
and did not enforce its navigation laws. This changed after the French and Indian War, as the
British adopted more forceful policies for taking control of the colonies.
