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Autism Spectrum Disorders - Intervention Questions and Answers
Autism Spectrum Disorders - Intervention
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Voorbeeld 2 van de 7 pagina's
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Autism Spectrum Disorders -Intervention
What are the 5 most common treatment approaches for ASD? - answer1. ABA
2. LOVAAS Method
3. TEACCH
4. PECS
5. PROMPT
What is ABA? - answer-Applied Behavioral Analysis
-Operant conditioning developed by BF Skinner
Determine behavioral strengths and weaknesses by observing:
-Exactly what a person does
-When they do it
-At what rate
-What happens before behavior
-What happens after behavior
How does ABA work for treating Autism, in a general sense? - answer-Selection and
systematic implementation of effective reinforcers.
-Identify what rewards work for the child
-Use the rewards according to a predetermined schedule to manage maladaptive
behaviors and elicit more adaptive ones
-Looks at behavior as an antecedent (cue or instruction), behavior and consequence
What are some of the key features of ABA for Autism? - answer-Skills not demonstrated
by the child are broken down into small steps that are taught
-Multiple repetitions of trials in structured learning situations and everyday activities
-Instruction emphasizes teaching person how to learn
-With progress, reduce guidance and fade prompts
-Teach to combine acquired steps in complex ways and practice in additional situations
-Problem behavior is not reinforced
How is each step taught in ABA? - answer-Give clear instruction
-Assist in following instruction with prompt or physical guidance
-Use materials at child's level
-Get correct response
-Give reinforcer (reinforcer is the "consequence" that will lead to repeated behavior in
the future)
, What are some of the controversies surrounding ABA for Autism? - answer-Intensity of
scheduling
-Need for family follow-through
-Impact on family, especially siblings
-Rote behaviors
-Issues with generalization
-Qualified practitioners
What is discrete trial training or DTT? - answer-A one-to-one instructional approach
utilizing behavioral methods to teach skills in small, incremental steps in a systematic,
controlled fashion
-Discrete trials have clearly identified antecedents and consequences (e.g.
reinforcement in the form of praise or rewards) for desired behaviors
What is the "antecedent" in ABA? - answerA cue or instruction
What is the main difference between ABA and DTT? - answerABA looks at behavior in
three steps (cue/instruction, behavior, consequence) and uses that method as a form of
intervention.
DTT breaks skills down into small discrete components and rewards good behavior.
What is the main goal oF TEACCH? - answerTaking a person with Autism through their
lifespan and helping them achieve maximal autonomy as an adult.
What is Structured Teaching in TEACCH? - answer-Emphasizes a highly structured
classroom environment and the use of visual learning (a strength of people with Autism)
-Teaching is based on a person's individual needs, rather than what that person
"should" be doing at their age
What is the difference between TEACCH and pure ABA? - answer-With TEACCH,
children are placed in an environment that fosters learning and takes into account
different learning styles
-Instead of teaching the behavior directly (like with ABA), prerequisite skills for that
behavior are taught so that the appropriate behavior then comes naturally
What are some questionable treatments for Autism? - answer-Hippotherapy/therapeutic
horseback riding
-Chelation therapy
-Craniosacral therapy
-Music therapy
-Auditory Integration Therapy
-Sensory Integration Therapy
*none of these are evidence based
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