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Chapter 02 The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing
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lOMoAR cP SD |12827 373Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhop
Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing,
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is considering applying for a position as a public health nurse. Which of the following would b
would be appealing?
a. Its autonomy and independence
b. Its focus on acute care and immediately visible outcomes
c. Its collaboration with other health care professionals
d. Its flexibility and higher wages
ANS: A
Public health nursing is known for its autonomy and independence. In many instances, there are limite
professionals and staff with whom to interact. In-patient acute care nurses focus on acute care with out
quickly. Acute care nurses collaborate frequently with other health care professionals. Depending on th
more flexibility, but typically public health nurses do not receive higher wages.
2. The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which current law?
a. Welfare
b. Food stamps
c. Medicaid
d. Medicare
ANS: C
The Elizabethan Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and “lame” individuals. This minim
provided in almshouses supported by local government similar to Medicaid assistance. Welfare and fo
medical care. Medicare provides medical care to primarily the elderly population.
3. How did the Industrial Revolution result in previous caregiving approaches, such as care by families, f
neighbors, becoming inadequate?
a. Economic and political wars resulted in frequent death and injuries.
b. Incredible plagues consistently and constantly swept the European continent.
c. Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care.
d. Caregivers could easily find other employment, so they demanded to be paid.
ANS: C
Care became inadequate because of the social changes in Europe, with great advances in transportation
technologies. The increased mobility led to migration and urbanization, which in turn led to increased
Industrial Revolution was a time of great advances in technology, transportation, and communication,
political unrest or a time where incredible plagues occurred in Europe. Caregivers during this time per
educated and untrained, so there was not an issue related to wages or employment.
4. A colonist is working in the public health sector in early colonial America. Which of the following act
likely been completed?
a. Establishing schools of nursing
b. Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people
c. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation
d. Developing public housing and almshouses
ANS: C
Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation are examples of activities from the early colonial A
schools of nursing, developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people, and developing publ
all happened after the colonial period.
5. Why did American citizens become interested in establishing government-sponsored boards of health?
a. They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever.
b. The government could force the poverty-stricken to accept care.
c. Such boards could tax and thereby ensure adequate funds to pay for care.
, lOMoAR cP SD |12827 373
6. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service in 1800. Which of the following interventions w
have implemented?
a. Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants
b. Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home
c. Identifying and improving environmental conditions
d. Providing health care for merchant seamen
ANS: D
Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public healt
Marine Hospital Service was to secure its maritime trade and seacoast cities. Quarantine legislation wa
during this time period, but the nurse would not have been responsible for setting these policies. Nursin
home began in the first half of the 1800s through a variety of agencies including the Ladies’ Benevole
South Carolina. Identifying and improving environmental conditions was a focus of the public boards
specifically a role
of the nurse.
7. What was the outcome of the Shattuck Report?
a. Efforts to control alcohol and drug abuse, as well as tobacco use, were initiated.
b. Environmental sanitation efforts became an immediate priority.
c. Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed.
d. Local and state governments established boards of health after its publication.
ANS: C
It took 19 years for the first of Shattuck’s recommendations to be implemented, but his report was the
modern public health organization. This report called for broad changes to improve the public’s health
these changes did not happen immediately after publication. They took 19 years to be implemented in
Massachusetts.
The report included establishment of a state health department and local health boards in every town, s
food, drug, and communicable disease control, but none of these changes happened quickly.
8. Which nurse is famous for creating public health nursing in the United States?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Frances Root
c. Lillian Wald
d. Mrs. Solomon Loeb
ANS: C
Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement and later emerged as the established leader of pub
its early decades. Mrs. Solomon Loeb was a wealthy layperson who assisted Mary Brewster in the esta
Street Nurses Settlement. Francis Root was the first trained nurse in the United States who was salaried
Florence Nightingale had many accomplishments, but none of these occurred in the United States.
9. Which of the following would have been the focus of a school nurse in the early 20th century?
a. Investigating causes of absenteeism
b. Teaching school as well as being a nurse
c. Promoting nursing as an autonomous practice
d. Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to school
ANS: A
Early school nursing focused on investigating causes of absenteeism. Providing medical treatment was
physicians. School nurses did not teach in the schools nor were they part of an autonomous practice du
period.
10. A nurse is reviewing the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which
were started within this organization?
a. Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing
b. Standardizing public health nursing education
c. Developing public health nursing competencies
d. Opening the Henry Street Settlement
ANS: B
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