• what is science?4 features of the scientific method - ANSWER-1) EMPIRICAL - based on data
2) DETERMINISTIC - obeys physical laws
3) PREDICTIVE - if you this....then that will happen
4) PARSIMONIOUS - use the simplest explanation poss.
• SLPs' use of technology [why do we use it clinical...
comd 5070 exam 1 study guide modules 1 5 questions
comd 5070 exam 1 stuvia 2024
what is science4 features of the scientific met
slps use of technology why do we use it clini
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ComD 5070 Exam 1 Study
Guide modules 1-5 Questions
& Answers(RATED A+)
• what is science?4 features of the scientific method - ANSWER-1) EMPIRICAL - based on data
2) DETERMINISTIC - obeys physical laws
3) PREDICTIVE - if you this....then that will happen
4) PARSIMONIOUS - use the simplest explanation poss.
• SLPs' use of technology [why do we use it clinically? how can acoustics help?] - ANSWER--
OVERCOME LISTENER BIAS. Consistent, reliable measurement is provided by analysis.
- Use OBJECTIVE TERMS AND MEASURES TO DESCRIBE THE SEVERITY of a disorder objectively. We
can standardize our measurements of speech since we have objective criteria to measure each
patient against.
- TRACK PROGRESS over time, and DEMONSTRATE TREATMENT EFFICIENCY.
- EBP (Evidence Based Practice). We measure the client's performance before and after therapy in
order to objectively prove that the treatment was effective.
- PROVIDE BIOFEEDBACK to the client. Show the person what they are doing on a computer display in
real time, and can help them change behavior.
How can acoustics help in the SLPs use of technology? - ANSWER-1) ACOUSTIC PHONETICS-
measuring of speech production through MICROPHONE RECORDINGS and studying what it can tell us
about the way the larynx is operating or the articulators are moving.
2) PHYSIOLOGOCAL PHONETICS -
• KINEMATICS - study of SPEECH MOVEMENTS
• AERODYNAMICS - PRESSURE, FLOW and RESISTANCE we use to regulate our breath stream as we
speak.
• ELECTROMYOGRAPHY - the ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF MUSCLES as they are activated
3) SPEECH PERCEPTION - the aspects of signal processing of the brain. We will DRAW PARALELLS
FROM the PERCEPTUAL ASPECTS of speech understanding and the ACOUSTICAL TECHNIQUES that we
use to evaluate a speech signal in a quantitative way.
,How is pitch perception linked to frequency? - ANSWER-1. We interpret higher frequency sounds to
have a higher pitch
FREQUENCY - OBJECTIVE
PITCH - SUBJECTIVE cannot be measured
Define loudness? What is it affected by? - ANSWER-Loudness is a PERCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTIC of
sound
- CanNOT BE MEASURED by equipment
- JUDGED BY LISTENER; it's a human response
- DURATION AFFECTS PERCEPTION of loudness
1. The LONGER the sound, the more the ear integrates the energy and the MORE AUDIBLE it
becomes
- Individual responses vary slightly regarding loudness because it is SUBJECTIVE
1. There is no way to objectively measure loudness of sound
What is intensity? - ANSWER-The GREATER the intensity, the LOUDER we perceive it to be
a. Intensity is an ACOUSTIC measure
How is intensity measured? - ANSWER-- Its the amplitude or 'size' of a sound
- Measured in dB
- LOGARITHMIC scale
- Intensity Level (IL)
- Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
What do SLPs and audiologists use to measure intensity? - ANSWER-A sound level meter
How many dBs of intensity does it take to be perceived as twice as loud? - ANSWER-6-10 dB
INCREASE in intensity will be PERCIEVED as TWICE AS LOUD (doubling of loudness)
What affects the perception of loudness? - ANSWER-- DURATION affects perception of loudness
, a. The LONGER the sound, the more the ear integrates the energy and the MORE AUDILBE it
becomes
- Individual responses vary slightly regarding loudness because it is subjective
a. There is no way to objectively measure sound
What are the difference limens for frequency and intensity? - ANSWER-SMALLEST DETECTABLE
CHANGE in frequency a person can perceive.
What is frequency? - ANSWER-1. It is determined by HOW FREQUENTLY a WAVEFORM REPEATS
ITSELF OVERT TIME
2. Measured in HERTZ (Hz) = cycles per second (CPS)
a. Acoustic Measures
How do waveforms differ as frequency goes up and down? - ANSWER-The HGHER FREQUENCY the
frequency, the MORE COMPLETE CYCLES per second
a) The waveforms are CLOSER together
How are difference limens influenced by intensity, duration, etc.? - ANSWER-DLs INCREASE with
stimulus FREQUENCY
- As INTENSITY DECREASES, DLs become LARGER
- HIGHER FREQUENCY sounds MUST DIFFER MORE to be heard as different in pitch
• true for comfortable listening level
- Measured at a comfortable level and reduce amplitude of sound played; difference limens become
GREATER WITH SOFTER SOUNDS.
-
T/F. When sounds are very soft it is harder to tell them apart in their pitch if close in frequency. -
ANSWER-TRUE
Another term for the missing fundamental is? - ANSWER-RESIDUE PITCH
T/F A fundamental must always be present within a recorded sound? - ANSWER-FALSE
- When FUNDAMENTAL IS ABSCENT from a harmonic series, THE BRAIN STILL PROCESSES the
harmonic structure and FILLS IN THE GAP.
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