Test Bank For Principles of Development 6th Edition By Lewis
Wolpert; Cheryll Tickle; Alfonso Martinez Arias
9780198800569 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide .
Growth - ANSWER: is a physical change and increase in size. Indicators of growth include height,
weight, size and definition.
Development-1 - ANSWER: is an increase in the complexity of function and skill progression. It is the
capacity and skill of a person to adapt to the environment.
Developement-2 - ANSWER: is the behavioral aspect of growth ( a person, develops
the ability to walk, talk, run, and think.
Principles of Growth and Developement-1 - ANSWER: All humans follow the same pattern of growth
and development.
Principles of Growth and Developement-2 - ANSWER: Growth & development occur in cephalocaudal
direction-starting from the head and moving to the trunk, legs and feet.
Principles of Growth and Developement-3 - ANSWER: Also proximodistal direction. Center of the bod
to the outward.
Principles of Growth and Developement-1 - ANSWER: Development proceeds from simple to complex
or from single acts to integrated acts. Ex: integrated acts-drinking, swallowing child must first learn
eye-hand coordinantion, grasping, jang mouth coordination, holding of the cup.
Principles of Growth and Developement-4 - ANSWER: Devel becomes differentiated. It begins from a
general response. Ex: an infants reponse to a stimulus involves the total body-a 5yr can respond more
specifically with laughter or fear.
Principles of Growth and Developement-5 - ANSWER: The first 10-12 wks after conception and more
critical.
Ex: to chemicals, drugs, viruses, are critical in this stage.
Principles of Growth and Developement-6 - ANSWER: The pace of growth and development is
uneven. Growth is greater during infancy than childhood.
Factors Influencing Growth & Development - ANSWER: 1-7
Genetics - ANSWER: 1. Everyone is made up with specific genes. Delvelops charateristcis as gender &
physical. eye color, potential height.
Temperament - ANSWER: 2. the way the individuals respond to internal and external environment.
Family - ANSWER: The purpose for family is to provide support and safety for the child.
Nutrition - ANSWER: 3. Good nutrition is an essential component of growth and development. ex:
poorly nourished children are more likey to have infections than well nourished children.
Environment - ANSWER: living conditions-poor vs. financially stable, climate, community,
Health - ANSWER: Illness, injury, congenital conditions (congenital cardiac conditions) affect growth
and developement.
Culture - ANSWER: Nutritional practices may influenence the rate of growth for infants.
, Biophysical Theory - ANSWER: Biophysical developement theories describe the development of
physical body-how it grows and changes.
Arnold Gesell - ANSWER: is identified as the "father of child development" his theory states that the
development is directed by genetics. Asserting that child development is a process of maturation.
Psychosocial Theories - ANSWER: Personailty is a complex concept that is difficult to define, can be
considered as the outward(interpersonal) expression of the inner (intrapersonal) self. It encompasses
a persons temperament, feelings, character traits, independence, self esteem, self concept,
behaviors.
Unconscious Mind - ANSWER: is the part of a person's mental life of which the person is unaware.
Id - ANSWER: Resides in the unconscious & operating on the pleasure principle, seeks immediate
pleasure and gratification.
Ego - ANSWER: the realistic part of the person, balances the gratification demand of the Id with
limitations of social and physical circumstances.
Defense Mechanisms - ANSWER: Methods the ego uses to fullfill the needs of the id in a socially
acceptable manner- are the results of conflicts between the ids impulses and anxiety created by the
conflicts due to social and evironmental restrictions.
Superego - ANSWER: contains the conscience and the ego ideal.
Fixation - ANSWER: is immobilization or the inabilty of the personality to proceed to the next stage
because of anxiety.
Oral Stage- (Birth-1 1/2 yrs) - ANSWER: Mouth is center of pleasure. Security is primary need.
Weaning. Implication-Feeding produces pleasure and sense of comfort and safety. Feeding should be
pleasurable and provided when required.
Anal Stage- (1 1/2 to 3 yrs) - ANSWER: Anus and bladder are the sourses of pleaure. Major Conflict:
Toliet training. Implications-Controlling and expelling feces provide pleasure and sense of control.
Toilet training should be a pleasurable experience.
Phallic Stage- (4-6 yrs) - ANSWER: The childs genitals are the center of pleasure. Masturbation offers
pleasure. Implication The child identifies with the parent if the opposite sex and later takes on a love
relationship outside the family.
Latency (6 yrs to puberty) - ANSWER: Energy is directed to physical and intellectual activities. Sexual
impulses tend to be repressed. Develop relationships between peers of the same sex. Implications-
Encourage child with physical and intellectual pursuits. Encourage sports and other activities with
same sex partners.
Genital (Puberty and after) - ANSWER: Energy is directed toward full sexual maturity and function and
development of skills needed to cope with the environment. Implications-Encourage separation from
parents, achievements of independence and decision making.
Infancy (Birth-18months) Trust vs mistrust - ANSWER: (+) Learning to trust others. (-) Mistrust,
withdrawl enstrangement.
Early Childhood (18 months-3yrs) Autonomy vs shame and guilt - ANSWER: (+) Self control without
loss of self esteem (-) Compulsive self restraint or compliance.
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