Reinforcement Theory correct answers Reinforcement theory, in contrast, takes a behavioristic view, arguing that reinforcement conditions behavior.
Positive Reinforcement correct answers Administering a positive consequence following a desired behavior to strengthen the behavior
Negative Rein...
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Reinforcement Theory correct answers Reinforcement theory, in contrast, takes a behavioristic
view, arguing that reinforcement conditions behavior.
Positive Reinforcement correct answers Administering a positive consequence following a
desired behavior to strengthen the behavior
Negative Reinforcement correct answers Removing an undesirable consequence when behavior
improves to encourage or strengthen the desired behavior
Punishment correct answers Administering an aversive consequence to decrease the likelihood of
the behavior.
Extinction correct answers Withholding or failing to provide a positive consequence to decrease
the likelihood of the behavior.
The job dimension of autonomy relates to which psychological state? correct answers
Experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work
The job dimension of feedback relates to which psychological state? correct answers Knowledge
of the actual results of the work activities
Intrinsic Motivation correct answers Happens because of interest in the task itself: enjoyment,
growth, passion, self-expression
Extrinsic Motivation correct answers Focuses on the outcome from doing a task: promotions, pay
raises, bonuses, benefits
Advantages of Incentive Pay Plans correct answers Can motivate workers to perform more
efficiently for a reward
Disadvantages of Incentive Pay Plans correct answers - They can create perceived inequity
-Misalignment between rewards and expected behavior
-Studies have found that people value meaningful work over money
Criteria of a Group correct answers Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent,
who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
Formal Group correct answers Defined by the organization's structure
Informal Group correct answers Neither formally structured nor organizationally determined
Groupthink correct answers When a group of individuals reaches a decision without critical
reasoning or evaluation of alternatives
(members of the group make decisions based on pressure from the group as a whole)
, Groupshift correct answers When the initial position of an individual changes to a more extreme
position because of influence from the group
Stages of Group Development: Tuckman's Model correct answers Forming: Team is dependent
on the leader
Storming: Leader mediates and focuses
Norming: Leader facilitates
Performing: Leader delegates and oversees
** The goal is to make the team self-reliant and move on
Gersick's Model Structure correct answers 1. The first meeting sets the group's direction
2. The first phase of group activity has slow progress and inertia
3. A transition takes place exactly when the group has used up half its allotted time, 4. This
transition initiates major changes
5. A second phase of inertia follows the transition
6. The group's last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity
Six Group Properties: Roles correct answers A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to
someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
Six Group Properties: Norms correct answers Acceptable standards of behavior within a group
that are shared by the group's members.
Six Group Properties: Size correct answers - Groups with a dozen or more members are good for
gaining diverse input.
- If the goal is fact-finding or idea-generating, then larger groups should be more effective
- Smaller groups of about seven members are better at doing something productive
Six Group Properties: Cohesiveness correct answers The degree to which members are attracted
to each other and motivated to stay in the group
Six Group Properties: Diversity correct answers The extent to which members of a group are
similar to, or different from, one another.
What makes a group a team? correct answers Collective performance, positive synergy,
individual and mutual accountability, complementary skills
Problem Solving Teams correct answers Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the same department
who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the
work environment.
Self-Managed Teams correct answers Groups of 10 to 15 employees who take on responsibilities
of their former supervisors.
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