BIO 669 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
Cytokines - ANS signaling molecules that regulate innate or adaptive immunity that are responsible for activating other cells and regulating the inflammatory response; they help stimulate the response to infection and tissue damage by guiding lymphocytes and...
Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of - ANS hypovolemia
7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - ANS fully compensated respiratory acidosis
K
If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding percentages (40, 5,15 and 20).
ICF =
ECF=
C
Interstitial =
Intravascular = - ANS ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and Intravascular = 5
LO
Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the damaged tissue is septic
or sterile - ANS False .
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also called the immune
response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune system is programmed to respond to damage to the
body whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile.
YC
1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities, jaundice, icterus, and a grossly
distended abdomen. Labs show that his albumin levels are 1.2. Which option below describe the process
behind the ascites and pitting edema ?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
D
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - ANS B- decreased capillary oncotic pressure
U
Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
ST
A. Lactic acid
B. Phosphoric acid
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
D. Carbonic acid - ANS D- carbonic acid
In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease __________ _________ by
blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and the kidneys will regulate the levels of __________ to
maintain a safe pH. - ANS Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease bowel sounds, thirst, and
weakness. What potassium imbalance is this? - ANS Hypokalemia
,Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of _________into ____ - ANS Answer: water, cells
Causes of hypernatremia, include:
A excessive free water intake.
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. - ANS Answer: B, C, D
K
(some Causes of Hypernatremia)
C
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
D Cushing syndrome.
LO
Early changes of___________ includes tall __________ - ANS Hyperkalemia, peaked T waves
A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during healing. - ANS Keloid
YC
Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and prominent U wave on EKG
monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
a.) Magnesium 2.2
b.) Phosphorous 2.0
c.) Potassium 2.2
d.) Potassium 5.6 - ANS c.) Potassium 2.2
D
What is an electrolyte?
U
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
ST
d.) All of the above - ANS c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter
A. Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Serotonin - ANS B. Acetylcholine
An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine formation, the formation of
SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral edema
,A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Water
D. Sodium - ANS D. Sodium
All of these are causes of edema except:
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
K
C: Increased in capillary permeability
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure - ANS D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
C
_________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages
A: prostaglandins
LO
B: Eosinaphils
C: Leukotrienes
D: Platelet-activating factors - ANS C: Leukotrienes
Causes of metabolic alkalosis include all the following except:
YC
a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
B) Hypokalemia
c) Thiazide diuretic therapy
d) Recurrent vomiting - ANS a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
D
All are true about metabolic alkalosis except one:
a) Associated with hyperkalemia
U
b) Associated with decreased ionic calcium concentration
c) Can be caused due to Primary hyperaldosteronism
d) Can be caused due to Renin secreting tumor - ANS a) Associated with hyperkalemia
ST
Which of the following are 2 forces that favor filtration?
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Plasma (capillary ) oncotic pressure
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure - ANS A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure
Immunization is an example of which type of immunity?
, A. Active
B. Passive - ANS A. Active Immunity
In order for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS what criteria must be met?
a. CD4 T Cells >400
b. CD4 T Cells <150
c. CD4 T Cells <200
d. CD4 T Cells <400 - ANS c. CD4 T Cells <200
K
A 60 year old woman presents with a complicated wound to her left calf. Throughout the assessment you
gather information from the patient and find out the patient is currently smoking. What information would
C
you give to the patient in regards to her current smoking habits and her complicated wound?
a. You can continue to smoke even with your current wound because it will not effect the healing process
LO
in any way.
b. Smoking during the healing process can cause vasoconstriction therefore causing ischemia and
interrupt the healing process.
YC
c. There are no reason for you to quit smoking since smoking does not effect our health in any way.
d. You should stop smoking because it can increase your risk factors of getting lung disease and
cardiovascular disease as well. - ANS b. Smoking during the healing process can cause vasoconstriction
therefore causing ischemia and interrupt the healing process.
D
Non-volatile acids such as lactic acid cannot be converted into a gas and excreted as __________, so they
must be buffered through the __________.
a) C02, kidneys
U
b) HC03, respiratory system
c) C02, respiratory system
d) HC03, kidneys - ANS a) C02, kidneys
ST
As Na+ travels into the cell, ions travel outside to maintain equality which may lead to acid/base
imbalances.
a) Cl-
b) H+
c) Ca++
d) HCO3 - ANS b) H+
What is the most abundant cation in the extracellular space?
a. Potassium
b. Chloride
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