AP Psychology Exam Study Guide| Questions with 100% Solutions/Verified Answers
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AP PsychologY
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AP PsychologY
Myelin sheath (53) - ANSWER A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of
many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse
hops from one node to the next
Action potential (53) - ANSWER A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels ...
AP Psychology Exam Study Guide|
Questions with 100% Solutions/Verified
Answers
Myelin sheath (53) - ANSWER A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of
many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse
hops from one node to the next
Action potential (53) - ANSWER A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon
Threshold (54) - ANSWER The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Synapse (55) - ANSWER The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and then the
dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap left at this junction is called the
synaptic gap or synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitters (55) - ANSWER Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between
neurons. When released by the sending neurons, neurotransmitters travel across the
synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neurons, thereby influencing whether
that neuron will generate a neural impulse
Reuptake (55) - ANSWER A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
Endorphins (57) - ANSWER "morphine within"- natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to
pain control and to pleasure
Nervous system (59) - ANSWER The body's speedy, electrochemical communication
network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system
,Central nervous system (CNS) (59) - ANSWER The brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (59) - ANSWER The sensory and motor neurons that
connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body
Nerves (59) - ANSWER Bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous
system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
Somatic nervous system (59) - ANSWER The division of the peripheral nervous system that
controls that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (59) - ANSWER The part of the peripheral system that controls
the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division
arouses; its parasympathetic division calms
Sympathetic nervous system (59) - ANSWER The division of the autonomic nervous system that
arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic nervous system (60) - ANSWER The division of the autonomic nervous
system that calms the body, conserving its energy
Reflex (61) - ANSWER A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as a knee-jerk
response
Endocrine system (62) - ANSWER The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set
of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones (62) - ANSWER Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine
glands, travel through the blood stream, and affect other tissues
,Adrenal glands (63) - ANSWER A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and
secrete hormones (epinephrine and nonrepinephrine) that help arouse the body at time of
stress
Pituitary gland (63) - ANSWER The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the
influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine
glands
Lesion (67) - ANSWER Tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimental
caused destruction of brain tissue
Electroencephalogram (EEG) (67) - ANSWER An amplified recording of the waves of electrical
activity that sweeps across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes
placed on the scalp
CT (computed tomography) scan (68) - ANSWER A series of X-ray photographs taken from
different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through
the body. Also called CAT scan
PET (positron emission tomography) scan (68) - ANSWER A visual display of brain activity that
detects where a radio active form of glucose goes while the brain is performs a certain task
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) (68) - ANSWER A technique that uses magnetic fields
and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show
brain anatomy
fMRI (functional MRI) (68) - ANSWER A technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain
activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain activity
Brainstem (69) - ANSWER The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where
the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brain stem is responsible for automatic
survival functions
, Medulla (69) - ANSWER The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
Reticular formation (70) - ANSWER A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an
important role in controlling arousal
Thalamus (70) - ANSWER The brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem;
it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the
cerebellum and medulla
Cerebellum (70) - ANSWER The "little brain" at the rear of the brain stem; functions include
processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
Limbic system (71) - ANSWER Doughnut-shaped neural system (including the hippocampus,
amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with
emotions and drives.
Amygdala (71) - ANSWER Two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to
emotion.
Hypothalamus (72) - ANSWER A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs
several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the
endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
Cerebral cortex (74) - ANSWER The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the
cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
Glial cells (74) - ANSWER Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
Frontal lobes (74) - ANSWER Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead;
involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
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