WGU D115 patho Unit 6 gastrointestinal system || with
100% Accurate Solutions.
Phases of swallowing correct answers oropharyngeal (voluntary)-oral prep, epiglotis closes,
movement of tongue and pharyngeal constrictors propel food into esophagus
esophageal (involuntary)-bolus transported ny esophagus to stomach by peristalsis, esophageal
sphincter relaxes to allow food into stomach
Pathway of digestion correct answers mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
rectum, anus
Process of digestion correct answers 1-Mouth creates a bolus
2-swallowing propels bolus through esophagus into stomach
3-stomach creates chyme by adding digestive juices to the bolus, and propels the chyme into the
small intestine
4-in small intestine absorption occurs through villi which secretes digestive enzymes and absorbs
all major nutrients, peristalsis moves chyme through and into large intestine
5-absorption and epithelial transport occur in the beginning of the colon as fecal mass passes
through, once it reaches the sigmoid colon it is entirely waste and passes through the rectum
Nutrients absorbs in stomach correct answers Alcohol (20%)
Nutrients absorbed in duodenum correct answers Calcium, magnesium, iron, some carbs
Nutrients absorbed in jejunum correct answers Carbs, fat soluble vitamins, water soluble
vitamins, amino acids, alcohol (80%), fats, sodium, potassium, water (90%)
Nutrients absorbed in ileum correct answers Vitamin B12, bile
Nutrients absorbed in colon correct answers Sodium, potassium, water (9%), acids and bases
Intestinal microbiome correct answers Numbers of bacteria increase from proximal to distal GI
tract
-Highest in colon
Multiple factors affect normal composition of bacterial flora
-Genetics, diet, environmental, drugs
-Alert immune system to protect against infection, assist in metabolism of various compounds,
and produce other compounds needed by body
Lipase correct answers Produced by pancreas and beaks down triglycerides
Amylase correct answers Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Pepsin correct answers Produced by stomach and breaks down proteins
, anorexia correct answers loss of appetite despite physiologic stimuli that would normally
produce hunger
vomiting correct answers expelling matter from the stomach and intestines through the mouth
constipation correct answers Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too
little fiber in the diet
diarrhea correct answers frequent passage of loose, watery stools more then 3 x per day
visceral pain correct answers a poorly localized, dull, or diffuse pain that arises from the
abdominal organs, or viscera, usually epigastric, mid abdomen, or lower abdomen
Parietal pain (somatic pain) correct answers localized, intense, sharp, constant pain associated
with irritation of the peritoneum
referred pain correct answers pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates,
visceral pain
hematemesis correct answers blood in vomit
hematochezia correct answers blood in stool
melena correct answers Black tarry stool
dysphagia correct answers condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
Achalasia correct answers Denervation of smooth muscle in esophagus and failure of the lower
esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
Patho of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) correct answers Abnormalities in lower
esophageal sphincter function, esophageal motility or emptying
hiatal hernia correct answers a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into
the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
intestinal obstruction correct answers mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that
occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract
because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel
Complications of intestinal obstruction correct answers Distention, vomiting, electrolyte,
dehydration, pain, Strangulation, ischemia, perforation, shock, peritonitis
H. pylori correct answers -gram negative, spiral, found in gastric antrum, orally transmitted
corkscrews through the gastric mucus layer
