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Summary GCSE Statistics Terms and notes
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GCSE Statistics Terms and notes Population *** A collection of all the items Sample *** A selection of the population to use data from Census *** When data is taken from every member in the population Advantages of a census over a sample *** More representative, less biased,...

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  • 28 augustus 2024
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  • gcse statistics terms and notes

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  • Statistics | probability
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GCSE Statistics Terms and notes

Population *** A collection of all the items

Sample *** A selection of the population to use data from

Census *** When data is taken from every member in the population

Advantages of a census over a sample *** More representative, less biased, includes
everyone's opinions

Advantages of a sample over a census *** Quicker, cheaper, easier to analyse as less data

Disadvantages of a census over a sample *** Time consuming, expensive, difficult to do

Disadvantages of a sample over a census *** Less representative, possibly biased

Pilot Study *** A small scale replica of the survey to be carried out.

Advantages of a pilot study *** Ensures questions can be understood, identify ambiguity, test
response rate, identifies likely responses, check methods

Sampling Frame *** A list containing data that a sample can be taken from

Examples of a sampling frame *** Electoral role, SIMS register, DVLA, telephone directory

Primary Data *** Data that has been collected by the person doing the survey

Secondary data *** Data that hasn't been collected by the person doing the survey

Advantages of primary data *** More reliable, up-to-date, tailored for investigation

Advantages of secondary data *** Easier to obtain, cheaper, less time-consuming

Continuous Data *** Data that lies on a continuous scale (can be at any point on a number
line)

Discrete Data *** Data that consists of separate numbers (jumps along the number line)

Quantitative Data *** Data that has numerical values

Qualitative Data *** Data that is not numerical values

Open Questions *** Has no suggested answers and has freeform boxes to reply in

, Advantages of open questions *** Allows for a range of responses, so can cover all
eventualities

Closed Questions *** Has a set of answers for the person to choose from

Advantages of closed questions *** Easier to analyse as range of responses restricted

Leading Questions *** Questions that infer an opinion and promote a certain answer

Convenience Sample *** The first so many pieces of data in the list are sampled

Advantages of a convenience sample *** Quick and easy

Disadvantages of a convenience sample *** Unlikely to be representative

Random Sample *** Each person has an equally likely chance to be picked

How to take a random sample *** (a) Number everyone in list
(b) Use a random number generator to select numbers
(c) Select the data points corresponding to the numbers picked
(d) If you get a number outside the range or the same number twice you repeat, if you get a
decimal round to the nearest number.

Advantages of a random sample *** Easy to do

Disadvantages of a random sample *** May not be representative

Systematic Sample *** Data is chosen at regular intervals (e.g. every 10th person)

How to take a systematic sample *** Order population and divide population by sample size to
find how often data chosen. Then choose random number to decide where in this interval to start.

Advantages of a systematic sample *** Useful for production line - will spot problems over
time

Disadvantages of a systematic sample *** May not be representative

Quota Sample *** The same amount of people from different chosen groups are sampled

How to take a quota sample *** Decide on a quota size for each group. Then take a random
sample, ignoring any results from a group where the quota has been reached.

Advantages of a quota sample *** Makes sure all quota groups are represented, easy to take

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