PNR201 Med Surg 1 Exam 2 NCLEX Questions with Correct Answers
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A nurse evaluates the visual acuity of a patient using the Snellen chart. Which statement is true regarding the use of the Snellen chart?
1. The chart is placed 40 feet away from the patient.
2. The patient reads the letters using one eye at a time.
3. The numerator (top number) indicates the sm...
pnr201 med surg 1 exam 2 nclex questions with corr
a nurse evaluates the visual acuity of a patient u
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PNR201 Med Surg 1 Exam 2 NCLEX
Questions with Correct Answers
A nurse evaluates the visual acuity of a patient using the Snellen chart. Which
statement is true regarding the use of the Snellen chart?
1. The chart is placed 40 feet away from the patient.
2. The patient reads the letters using one eye at a time.
3. The numerator (top number) indicates the smallest line that the patient could read.
4. The denominator (bottom number) refers to the patient's distance from the chart. -
Answer-Correct Answer: 2
Visual acuity is tested by having the patient read the lines on the Snellen chart with one
eye while the other eye is completely covered. Then the opposite eye is tested in the
same manner. (1) The patient is normally 20 feet away from the chart. (3) The top
number indicates how far away the patient is. (4) The bottom number refers to the
distance at which people with normal vision can read the line of the chart.
While looking at a card with a geometric grid of identical squares, a patient is asked to
focus on a central dot and to describe any distortions of the surrounding boxes. Which
patient statement indicates a need for further diagnostic testing?
1. "I get dizzy staring at these boxes for so long."
2. "I am beginning to see color differences in the squares."
3. "I can see all the boxes surrounding the dot."
4. "There are wavy lines around the central dot." - Answer-Correct Answer: 4
Seeing wavy lines on an Amsler grid is an indication that the patient has a macular
problem. Further evaluation by an ophthalmologist should be sought quickly. (1) Getting
dizzy does not indicate macular degeneration. (2) Color difference is not a function of
macular degeneration. (3) Seeing all of the boxes indicates normal vision.
During a health care provider visit, a 65-year-old man complains of pain in his right eye
associated with excessive tearing. You note that the eye is red with lashes rubbing
against the cornea. A likely condition would be:
1. ptosis.
2. ectropion.
3. hordeolum.
4. entropion. - Answer-Correct Answer: 4
When the eyelid is inverted and the lashes rub on the eyeball, it is called entropion. (1)
Ptosis is a drooping of the lower eyelid. (2) Ectropion is when the eyelid folds outward.
(3) Hordeolum is a disorder of the eyelid.
Which nursing action(s) demonstrate(s) appropriate care of a patient who is visually
impaired? (Select all that apply.)
,1. Introduce self before touching.
2. Speak slowly with a loud voice.
3. Keep the door ajar.
4. Ensure ready access to the call button for assistance.
5. Assist with feeding using the clock method. - Answer-Correct Answers: 1, 4, 5
To avoid startling the patient, you should introduce yourself before touching them. The
call button should be positioned so that the patient knows where it is and where it can
be quickly reached. Describing foods on the plate by where they would be positioned on
a clock face helps the patient eat independently. (2) Speaking slowly with a loud voice
may be used to speak to a person with a hearing impairment. (3) Keeping the door ajar
may add disruptive noises.
A male patient was informed that he would need to wear a pair of corrective lenses for
astigmatism. When asked about the condition, the patient demonstrates understanding
when he states that:
1. "Astigmatism is hardening of the ciliary muscles."
2. "Astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea."
3. "Astigmatism enables focusing of light in front of the retina."
4. "Astigmatism is an increased opacity of the lens." - Answer-Correct Answer: 2
Astigmatism is caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea. (1) Hardening of the
ciliary muscles is not astigmatism. (3) Astigmatism focuses light in several points. (4)
Cataracts are increased opacity of the lens.
Which instruction must be included in the discharge teaching of a patient who has
undergone corneal transplant?
1. Increase physical activity.
2. Wear an eye shield when in close contact with children or pets.
3. Remove the pressure dressing as needed.
4. Lie only on the operative side. - Answer-Correct Answer: 2
The patient should protect the eye with an eye shield when around children or pets to
prevent an accidental injury to the eye with disruption of the corneal transplant. (1)
Physical activity should be reduced. (3) The pressure dressing should be kept in place.
(4) The patient should lie on the opposite side of the surgery.
An older adult is admitted for cataract extraction. Which sign or symptom is associated
with this condition?
1. Increased tearing
2. Increasing farsightedness
3. Increasing complaints about glare
4. Bluish discolorations - Answer-Correct Answer: 3
Increasing complaints about glare are associated with the growth of a cataract.
, Retinopathy is frequent in patients with diabetes, either from overgrowth of blood
vessels or from hypertension that causes increased pressure and rupture of vessels. (1)
Cataracts do not cause tearing. (2) Cataracts do not alter the point of focus on the
retina. (4) Cataracts do not cause blue discoloration.
People with diabetes may face several eye problems and diseases as a complication of
their illness. Which of the following can cause severe vision loss or blindness in a
person with diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
1. Glaucoma
2. Retinopathy
3. Presbyopia
4. Cataracts - Answer-Correct Answers: 1, 2, 4
Diabetics may face a group of eye diseases, including (1) glaucoma, (2) retinopathy,
and (4) cataracts. (3) Although diabetics may have presbyopia, it is not associated with
blindness and diabetics are not at increased risk.
After eye surgery, a patient is instructed to avoid movements that increase the venous
pressure in the head, neck, and eyes. Which movement(s) increase(s) venous
pressure? (Select all that apply.)
1. Straining
2. Bending over
3. Keeping the head up
4. Sudden head movements
5. Strenuous exercises - Answer-Correct Answers: 1, 2, 5
(1) Straining when lifting heavy objects or to pass stool, (2) bending over with the head
down, and (5) strenuous exercise can all increase intracranial pressure and venous
pressure in the head and neck, which in turn increases intraocular pressure. (3)
Keeping the head up and (4) sudden head movements do not increase intraocular
pressure.
A woman complains of eye itching, tearing, halos around lights, and decreased central
vision. Which symptom most clearly relates to macular degeneration?
1. Eye itching
2. Tearing
3. Halos around lights
4. Decreased central vision - Answer-Correct Answer: 4
A decrease in central vision is most characteristic of macular degeneration. (1) Eye
itching, (2) tearing, and (3) halos around lights are not symptoms of macular
degeneration.
Before eye surgery, a patient is instructed to take stool softeners. When asked about
the rationale for taking the stool softener, an appropriate response would be:
1. "The medication reduces the possibility of straining at stool postoperatively."
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