Epidemiology is defined as?
(Ans- the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this knowledge to the control of health problems
What are the core Epidemiological Functions?
(Ans-
Surveillance
Field Invest...
state laws as well as accrediting organizations an
when does quarantine occur
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NSG 522
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NSG 522 Final Exam: Questions &
Answers
When is isolation used?
(Ans- Used in the inpatient setting (hospitals/nursing homes), used for
persons who are known to be ill with a contagious disease.
State laws as well as accrediting organizations and isolation?
(Ans- Require one or two beds to be designated and as isolation beds.
When does Quarantine occur?
(Ans- Used for persons who have been exposed to a contagious disease
but may or may not become ill.
Example of Quarantine in action?
(Ans- Exposure to COVID19 quarantining at home.
Descriptive epidemiology describes what?
(Ans- Frequency of events, and Pattern of Events (Who- Person, Where-
Place, When- Time)
What graphics can be used to describe person?
(Ans- Tables, and Population Pyramid
What graphics can be used to describe place?
(Ans- Spot maps
What graphics can be used to describe time?
(Ans- Event Timelines
Define Public Health Surveillance
(Ans- Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-
related data essential to information for the planning, implementation, and
,of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of
these data to those responsible for prevention and control
What does Public Health Surveillance use data for?
(Ans- To monitor health problems to facilitate their prevention or control.
What can information gained from surveillance be used for?
(Ans- Planning disease control and prevention programs, Policy-making
What are health indicators?
(Ans- Markers of health status. Anything that could effect health or illness is
a health indicator.
List example health indicators
(Ans- physical or mental illness, impairments or disabilities, social well-
being, service provision, resource availability.
What constitutes a notifiable disease in the United States?
(Ans- Diseases that are of considerable public health importance because
of their seriousness- Cause serious morbidity or death, have the potential
to spread, can be controlled with appropriate intervention.
What is true of Notifiable diseases in the US legally?
(Ans- Federal and State mandated reporting
List the measures of disease occurrence
(Ans- Counts- Number/Frequency, Ratios, Proportions, Percentages,
Rates.
Ratios serve what function?
(Ans- Compare two things
How is a ratio calculated?
(Ans- By dividing the numerator by the denominator
, What is true about the numerator in ratios?
(Ans- The numerator may or may not be part of the denominator. The
numerator and denominator may or may not be related.
what is true about the numerator in Proportions?
(Ans- Numerator is always a part of the denominator
How are proportions usually calculated?
(Ans- As a decimal, example .125
Characteristics of percentages?
(Ans- Numerator is always a part of the denominator. Just a proportion
multiplied by 100.
Define Rates?
(Ans- Frequency of an event in a population in a specified period of time.
What is always specified when determining rates?
(Ans- Population and Time period is always specified.
Three main categories of vital statistics?
(Ans- Mortality, Morbidity, Natality
Define mortality
(Ans- A mortality rate is a measure of the frequency of the occurrence of
death in a defined population during a specific interval.
What do measures of natality include?
(Ans- Crude Birth rate, Crude fertility rate, low-birth weight ratio
What is the crude mortality rate?
(Ans- This is the mortality rate from ALL causes of death in a population.
Per 100,000
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