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CDCA OSCE VERIFIED A+ Endocrine Disorders - Exophthalmos, Weight Loss, Graves Disease: ️ All due to hyperthyroidism. - Signs/Symptoms of Weight Loss: ️ Associated with Graves disease. - Weight Gain, Dry Hair, Lower Voice, Feels Cold: ️ Indicative of hypothyroidism. - Acute Adrenal Insuffici...

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  • 30 augustus 2024
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

CDCA OSCE VERIFIED A+
Endocrine Disorders



- Exophthalmos, Weight Loss, Graves Disease: ✔️ All due to hyperthyroidism.



- Signs/Symptoms of Weight Loss: ✔️ Associated with Graves disease.



- Weight Gain, Dry Hair, Lower Voice, Feels Cold: ✔️ Indicative of hypothyroidism.



- Acute Adrenal Insufficiency: ✔️ Also known as Addison's disease.

- Steroid Dose Adjustment: Requirement for doubling the steroid dose before dental treatment due to
inability to produce extra cortisol in response to stress.



Dental Conditions



- Reduced or Missing Teeth on Pan: ✔️ Indicative of ectodermal dysplasia.



- Supernumerary Teeth Diagnosis: ✔️ Likely cleidocranial dysplasia.



- Paget’s Disease Symptoms: ✔️ Can cause hypercementosis, skull and jaw enlargement with cotton
wool appearance.



- Cleft Lip Fusion Defects: ✔️ Failure of fusion between medial nasal and maxillary processes.



- Cleft Palate Result: ✔️ Caused by failure of palatal shelves to fuse, also associated with bifid uvula.



- Pierre Robin Syndrome: ✔️ Cleft palate, mandibular micrognathia, and glossoptosis leading to airway
obstruction.

,- Hypocalcified Teeth Appearance: ✔️ Looks like white and brown spots on teeth.



- Fluorosis: ✔️ Cannot be reversed; microabrasion may improve aesthetics but not reverse the
condition.

- Cause of Fluorosis: ✔️ Living in a region with fluoride content higher than 4 ppm (normal is 0.7 ppm).



- No Enamel on Teeth (Bitewing/Pan): ✔️ Indicative of amelogenesis imperfecta.



- Osteogenesis Imperfecta: ✔️ Also known as dentinogenesis imperfecta; characterized by obliterated
pulp chambers and translucent or opalescent hue.



- Mulberry Molars and Screwdriver-Shaped Incisors: ✔️ Associated with syphilis.



- Gemination: ✔️ Incomplete formation of two teeth, common on incisors, typically seen in maxillary
laterals.



- Taurodontism: ✔️ Characterized by bull-shaped crowns with shortened roots.



Oral Pathology



- Tzanck Test: ✔️ Used to diagnose acute herpetic gingivostomatitis; treated with palliative care
including lidocaine rinses and analgesics.



- Major Apthous Ulcers: ✔️ Long-lasting ulcers that may heal with scars; can occur on lip and palate.



- Mucocele on Lower Lip: ✔️ Due to injured salivary gland, treated with excision; contents include
saliva/mucous.



Pharmacology and Medications

,- Lidocaine Cartridge: ✔️ Contains 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine (36 mg) and 1:100,000 (0.018 mg) of
epinephrine vasoconstrictor.



- CDC Regulations on Hand Hygiene: ✔️ True, handwashing is not required before and after removing
gloves.



- Sodium Hypochlorite Change Frequency: ✔️ Should be changed daily.



- Autoclave Testing Method: ✔️ Use a spore test for biological indicators.



- Tetracycline Staining Treatment: ✔️ Best to leave alone.



- Xerostomia's Effect: ✔️ Can cause rampant decay due to lack of saliva buffering acidic pH.



- Baby Bottle Syndrome: ✔️ Can cause rampant caries in infants/toddlers.



Cardiovascular Awareness



- Supplementation for Patients on Steroids: ✔️ Required to avoid adrenal insufficiency during dental
procedures.



- Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction (MI): ✔️ Can produce GI symptoms, while syncope does not.



- Retracting Cord with Epi: ✔️ False; do not use for patients with recent MI.



Angina and Myocardial Infarction



- Common Symptoms of MI: ✔️ Chest pain, pounding heartbeat, left arm pain, jaw pain; generally all
except indigestion and upset stomach.

, - Nitroglycerin Use: ✔️ If a patient takes nitroglycerin with no effect after 5 minutes, they likely have a
myocardial infarction.



- Angina Pectoris Symptoms: ✔️ Chest discomfort, usually precipitated by exertion, along with nausea
and vomiting.



- First Response to Chest Pain in Dental Chair: ✔️ Administer 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin tablet.



- MONA Protocol: ✔️ Stands for Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin; used for angina treatment.



Pharmacological Agents



- Norpace/Disopyramide: ✔️ Antiarrhythmic and antianginal agent.



- Valium (Diazepam) Mechanism: ✔️ Binds to GABA receptors, leading to chloride channel opening.



- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: ✔️ Triamterene and Spironolactone; not used for impaired renal
function.



- Stent and Dialysis Patients: ✔️ No additional medication required.



- Prescribing for Kidney Disease: ✔️ Can prescribe Tylenol (acetaminophen); do not prescribe NSAIDs
like aspirin, Advil, or naproxen.



- Post-Kidney Transplant Antibiotics: ✔️ True; patient may require antibiotic stress dose.



Analgesics and Antihistamines

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